Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics According to the HV/W Quartiles
| Characteristics | HV/W Quartiles | P trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n=350) | Q2 (n=351) | Q3 (n=366) | Q4 (n=339) | ||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 319 (91.1) | 274 (78.1) | 297 (81.1) | 239 (70.5) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 61±10 | 64±10 | 67±10 | 69±9 | <0.001 |
| Age >75 y, n (%) | 31 (8.9) | 37 (10.5) | 87 (23.8) | 90 (26.5) | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 73.67±7.57 | 61.42±8.72 | 64.30±10.18 | 60.75±9.50 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 130±19 | 129±21 | 130±22 | 131±21 | 0.783 |
| IABP | 6 (1.7%) | 10 (2.8%) | 19 (5.2%) | 27 (8.0%) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 58.8±11.7 | 58.8±11.9 | 56.4±12.1 | 55.4±12.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEF <40%, n (%) | 5 (1.1) | 9 (1.9) | 37 (7.4) | 145 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| CHF, n (%) | 35 (10.0) | 62 (17.7) | 73 (19.9) | 84 (24.8) | <0.001 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 82 (23.4) | 67 (19.1) | 98 (26.8) | 97 (28.6) | 0.019 |
| Smoker | 168 (48.0) | 138 (39.3) | 149 (40.7) | 127 (37.5) | 0.027 |
| Hypertension | 218 (62.3) | 214 (61.0) | 237 (64.8) | 228 (67.3) | 0.325 |
| Dyslipidemia | 61 (17.4) | 52 (14.8) | 53 (14.5) | 38 (11.2) | 0.144 |
| Past MI | 45 (12.9) | 38 (10.8) | 37 (10.1) | 37 (10.9) | 0.686 |
| History of CABG | 5 (1.4) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 0.226 |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| ACEI/ARB | 323 (92.3) | 321 (91.5) | 321 (87.7) | 299 (88.2) | 0.105 |
| β‐blocker | 308 (88.0) | 299 (85.2) | 300 (82.0) | 279 (82.3) | 0.095 |
| CCB | 61 (17.4) | 59 (16.8) | 65 (17.8) | 80 (23.6) | 0.082 |
| Diuretics | 35 (10.0) | 51 (14.5) | 80 (21.9) | 84 (24.8) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1±0.2 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.4±0.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 73.28±12.51 | 71.24±14.82 | 67.06±16.54 | 58.81±18.80 | <0.001 |
| CrCl, mL/min | 72.08±19.04 | 60.80±17.59 | 53.90±16.68 | 47.69±18.21 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.17±1.12 | 4.38±1.16 | 4.31±1.02 | 4.40±1.19 | 0.175 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.44±1.14 | 6.40±1.27 | 6.42±1.28 | 6.68±2.07 | 0.005 |
| hs‐CRP, mg/L | 3.74±6.20 | 5.89±11.00 | 9.88±19.40 | 21.54±31.95 | 0.091 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 94 (26.9) | 108 (30.8) | 117 (32.0) | 145 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 0.40±0.04 | 0.39±0.05 | 0.39±0.05 | 0.37±0.05 | <0.001 |
| K | 3.79±0.39 | 3.73±0.40 | 3.73±0.46 | 3.75±0.47 | 0.398 |
| Na | 139.14±3.23 | 138.69±3.07 | 138.58±2.97 | 138.39±3.03 | 0.081 |
| Ca | 2.25±0.11 | 2.23±0.12 | 2.23±0.12 | 2.85±7.38 | 0.303 |
| PH | 5.91±0.65 | 5.92±0.66 | 5.86±0.83 | 5.86±0.70 | 0.628 |
ACEI/ARB indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CCB, calcium‐channel blocker; CHF, congestive heart failure; CrCl, creatinine clearance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; hs‐CRP, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein; HV/W, ratio of hydration volume to body weight; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; Q, quartile.