Table 2.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | All | Men | Women | P Value | With or without primary endpoint/With or without discreet tabulated variablea | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 630 | 312 (49.5)b | 318 (50.5) | 25 (8.0), 16 (5.0) | 0.11 | |
| Age, y | 63.5±5.3 | 63.1±5.1 | 64.0±5.4 | 0.03 | 64.8±5.6, 63.4±5.3 | 0.10 |
| DM, y since diagnosis | 10.1±7.5 | 10.0±7.4 | 10.2±7.7 | 0.81 | 12.9±8.3, 9.9±7.4 | 0.013 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 97.2 (12.5) | 98.7±11.5 | 95.6±13.3 | 0.002 | 97.6±9.8, 97.1±12.7 | 0.81 |
| Insulin treated | 138 (21.9) | 56 (17.9) | 82 (25.8) | 0.017 | 11 (8), 30 (6.1) | 0.43 |
| Current smoking | 90 (14.3) | 55 (17.6) | 35 (11) | 0.018 | 7 (7.8), 34 (6.3) | 0.60 |
| Past smoking | 193 (30.6) | 134 (42.9) | 59 (18.6) | 0.18 | 16 (8.3), 25 (5.7) | 0.23 |
| Pack‐yrs | 14.7 (25) | 22.2±29.3 | 7.3±17.2 | <0.0001 | 15.9±21.0, 14.6±25.3 | 0.74 |
| Hypertension | 423 (67.1) | 202 (64.7) | 221 (69.5) | 0.20 | 25 (5.9), 16 (7.7) | 0.39 |
| Family history of CAD | 151 (24.0) | 67 (21.5) | 84 (26.4) | 0.15 | 8 (5.3), 33 (6.9) | 0.49 |
| Prior CVA/TIA | 39 (6.2) | 22 (7.1) | 17 (5.4) | 0.38 | 5 (12.8), 36 (6.1) | 0.10 |
| Carotid disease/CEA | 22 (3.5) | 11 (3.5) | 11 (3.5) | 0.96 | 4 (18.2), 37 (6.1) | 0.024 |
| Ankle/brachial ratioc | 1.19±0.15 | 1.20±0.15 | 1.18±0.14 | 0.18 | 1.14±0.12, 1.20±0.13 | 0.08 |
| Retinopathy | 100 (15.9) | 46 (14.7) | 54 (17.0) | 0.44 | 8 (8), 33 (6.2) | 0.51 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.4±1.5 | 7.4±1.5 | 7.4±1.5 | 0.76 | 7.9±1.5, 7.4±1.5 | 0.025 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 73.4±16.9 | 83.1±13.3 | 65.4±12.4 | <0.0001 | 77.8±17.7, 73.4±15.0 | 0.075 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.64±0.93 | 4.53±0.93 | 4.77±0.93 | 0.001 | 4.93±1.13, 4.63±0.91 | 0.10 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.25±0.31 | 1.13±0.25 | 1.36±0.33 | <0.0001 | 1.16±0.26, 1.25±0.32 | 0.07 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.93±1.39 | 1.99±1.59 | 1.59±1.16 | 0.38 | 2.85±2.86, 1.88±1.21 | 0.036 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/Ld | 2.54.0±0.75 | 2.53±0.75 | 2.55±0.75 | 0.69 | 2.59±0.65, 2.54±0.75 | 0.65 |
| Cholesterol/HDL ratio | 3.9±1.2 | 4.2±1.3 | 3.7±1.0 | <0.0001 | 4.5±1.9, 3.9±1.1 | 0.03 |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol mmol/L | 3.39±0.93 | 3.39±0.93 | 3.42±0.91 | 0.84 | 3.78±1.19, 3.37±0.91 | 0.042 |
| Albuminuria, μg/mmol creatinine (median, quartiles) | 0.90 (0, 2.3) | 0.79 (0, 2.4) | 0.90 (0, 2.3) | 0.27 | 1.2 (0, 3.4), 1.1 (0, 2.5) | 0.82 |
| C‐reactive protein, mmol/L | 42.9±52.4 | 35.2±42.9 | 49.5±60.0 | 0.001 | 47.6±50.5, 41.9±52.4 | 0.54 |
| Framingham CHD risk score | 18.4±9.6 | 21.7±11.3 | 15.2±6.2 | <0.0001 | 23.2±11.6, 18.1±9.4 | 0.008 |
| UKPDS CHD risk score | 18.0±11.0 | 23.6±11.7 | 12.4±6.5 | <0.0001 | 26.1±16.1, 17.4±10.3 | 0.001 |
| Aspirin | 412 (65.4) | 216 (69.2) | 196 (61.6) | 0.045 | 32 (7.8), 9 (4.1) | 0.08 |
| Clopidogrel | 10 (1.6) | 7 (2.2) | 3 (0.9) | 0.19 | 0 (0), 41 (6.1) | 0.40 |
| β‐Blocker | 193 (30.6) | 75 (24.0) | 118 (37.1) | 0.0004 | 14 (7.3), 27 (6.2) | 0.61 |
| ACEI/ARB | 416 (66.0) | 195 (62.5) | 221 (69.5) | 0.06 | 24 (5.8), 17 (7.9) | 0.31 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 143 (22.7) | 64 (20.5) | 79 (24.8) | 0.20 | 7 (4.9), 34 (7) | 0.37 |
| Diuretic | 186 (29.5) | 80 (25.6) | 106 (33.3) | 0.03 | 12 (6.5), 29 (6.5) | 0.97 |
| Statin | 443 (70.3) | 216 (69.2) | 227 (71.4) | 0.55 | 32 (7.2), 9 (4.8) | 0.26 |
| Maximal treadmill stress, METSe | 9.1±2.7 | 10.3±2.6 | 8.0±2.2 | <0.0001 | 8.0±2.3, 9.2±2.7 | 0.018 |
| Ischemic ST changes on stress testinge | 122 (23.4) | 73 (28.9) | 49 (18.3) | 0.004 | 10 (8.2), 18 (4.5) | 0.11 |
ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; METS, metabolic equivalents; TIA, transient ischemic attack; UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study.
For discrete tabulated variables, the number and percent of individuals with and without the tabulated variable undergoing a primary endpoint event are provided and for continuous tabulated variables the mean and SD of the variable (median and quartiles where stated) for individuals with and without an endpoint event are provided.
Figures are mean±SD or n (%).
N=505, values >1.4 excluded due to probable presence of calcified incompressible arteries in 125.
Calculated LDL‐C values. In 19 patients with triglyceride >400 mg/100 mL LDL‐C values were not calculated.
N=526, stress testing not performed in 104 subjects mostly for logistical reasons.