Table 5.
Associations of Inflammatory Markers With Coronary Artery Stenosis on Coronary CT Angiographya
| HIV‐Infected (N=411)b | HIV‐Uninfected (N=281)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Coronary stenosis ≥50% | |||||
| Log‐IL‐6 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6), 0.003c | 1.3 (1.04–1.6), 0.02c | 1.3 (1.1–1.5), 0.01c | 1.1 (0.8–1.5), 0.77 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3), 0.47 |
| Log ICAM‐1 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2), 0.001c | 1.4 (1.03–1.9), 0.03c | 1.5 (1.03–2.1), 0.035c | 1.5 (0.99–2.4), 0.06 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8), 0.31 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.1 (0.9–1.3), 0.26 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6), 0.15 | 1.3 (0.95–1.7), 0.10 | 0.97 (0.6–1.6), 0.91 | 0.93 (0.7–1.3), 0.70 |
| Log D‐dimer | 1.2 (0.9–1.5), 0.18 | 1.1 (0.9–1.5), 0.36 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6), 0.20 | 1.2 (0.9–1.8), 0.25 | 1.4 (1.03–2.0), 0.03c |
| Log‐CRP | 1.2 (1.0–1.6), 0.07 | 1.2 (0.9–1.5), 0.15 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6), 0.06 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4), 0.99 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1), 0.23 |
| Log sTNFαR I | 1.2 (0.9–1.6), 0.23 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4), 0.55 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5), 0.58 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1), 0.20 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8), 0.004c |
| Log sTNFαR II | 1.3 (1.1–1.6), 0.007c | 1.2 (0.9–1.4), 0.17 | 1.2 (0.97–1.6), 0.09 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4), 0.58 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2), 0.22 |
| Coronary stenosis ≥70% | |||||
| Log‐IL‐6 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8), 0.05c | 1.1 (0.8–1.5), 0.48 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5), 0.83 | 0.98 (0.5–1.8), 0.95 | 0.7 (0.3–1.8), 0.48 |
| Log ICAM‐1 | 1.4 (0.97–2.0), 0.07 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5), 0.56 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5), 0.83 | 1.9 (0.9–3.7), 0.07 | 1.5 (0.8–2.8), 0.22 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.1 (0.8–1.4), 0.64 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7), 0.97 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8), 0.90 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5), 0.66 | 1.2 (0.8–2.0), 0.43 |
| Log D‐dimer | 1.1 (0.7–1.6), 0.69 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7), 0.79 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7), 0.71 | 1.2 (0.7–2.0), 0.54 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1), 0.14 |
| Log‐CRP | 1.2 (0.8–1.8), 0.27 | 1.2 (0.8–1.9), 0.39 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0), 0.25 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1), 0.30 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1), 0.22 |
| Log sTNFαR I | 1.9 (1.2–3.0), 0.004c | 1.9 (1.2–3.0), 0.004c | 2.3 (1.3–4.2), 0.006c | 0.9 (0.6–1.4), 0.67 | 0.7 (0.5–1.04), 0.08 |
| Log sTNFαR II | 1.6 (1.2–2.1), 0.001c | 1.4 (1.0–2.0), 0.06 | 1.7 (1.1–2.7), 0.02c | 1.2 (0.6–2.3), 0.65 | 1.1 (0.5–2.3), 0.86 |
Model 1: minimally adjusted models (including age, race/ethnicity, study center, and study cohort [pre‐ vs post‐2001]). Model 2: Model 1 plus traditional cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes medication use, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, use of lipid‐lowering medications, body mass index, smoking, and pack‐years of smoking). Model 3: Model 2 plus parameters of HIV infection (HIV duration, current viral load, current and nadir CD4+ T‐cell counts, and history of an AIDS‐defining malignancy or opportunistic infection, and duration of ART use). ART indicates antiretroviral therapy; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; ICAM‐1, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; sTNFαR I, soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor I.
Results presented as prevalence ratio (95% CI), P value.
N for these analyses was 692 participants who had CT scan and had no missing values for any of the 7 inflammatory markers of interest. The number of participants dropped in Models 2 and 3 due to missing values in CAD risk factors and clinical parameters of HIV infection was negligible (less than 3%).
Statistically significant findings.