Fig. 1.

The percentages of patients experiencing NIV treatment failure during hospitalization are shown for the patients with severe and non-severe acidosis, for the whole sample population, and for the patients with each of the three diseases studied (ACPE, COPD, and OHS). Data are presented for the total population and for the sub-groups with and without a DNI order. Note that none of the COPD patients with a DNI order had a pH ≤7.25. Abbreviations: NIV = noninvasive ventilation, ACPE = acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, OHS = obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and DNI = do not intubate