Table 2.
Observed and model predicted total energy intake (kcal), nutrient intakes, and estimated diet cost among all children and adolescents age 4–18, NHANES 2009–2010
| Observed | Fruit juice + whole fruit (FJ + WF) model | Whole fruit (WF) model | Comparison of FJ + WF vs. WF mean | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95 % CI) | Mean (95 % CI) | Absolute change from observed (95 % CI) | % change from observed (95 % CI) | Mean (95 % CI) | Absolute change from observed (95 % CI) | % change from observed (95 % CI) | Absolute change from FJ + WF vs. WF Model (95 % CI) | % change from FJ + WF vs. WF model (95 % CI) | |
| Energy (kcal) | |||||||||
| Overalla | 1969 (1908, 2030) | 2058 (1999, 2116) | 88 (83, 94) | 4.5 (4.1, 4.9) | 2037 (1978, 2096) | 68 (64, 72) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.7) | 20 (19, 22) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
| Age 4–8yb | 1740 (1688, 1791) | 1786 (1737, 1836) | 47 (40, 53) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.1) | 1777 (1727, 1827) | 37 (32, 43) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.5) | 9 (8, 11) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) |
| Age 9–13yc | 1937 (1868, 2006) | 2032 (1964, 2100) | 95 (87, 103) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.4) | 2009 (1941, 2077) | 72 (66, 78) | 3.7 (3.3, 4.1) | 23 (21, 25) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) |
| Age 14–18yd | 2216 (2088, 2344) | 2338 (2213, 2462) | 122 (115, 129) | 5.5 (5.0, 6.0) | 2310 (2184, 2435) | 94 (88, 99) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.6) | 28 (26, 30) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||||||
| Overall | 78 (71, 86) | 127 (122, 132) | 48 (45, 51) | 61.4 (52.5, 70.3) | 101 (95, 107) | 23 (21, 24) | 29.1 (24.9, 33.2) | 25 (24, 27) | 25.1 (22.2, 27.9) |
| Age 4–8y | 79 (71, 86) | 103 (97, 108) | 24 (21, 28) | 30.8 (23.7, 37.9) | 91 (84, 98) | 13 (11, 14) | 15.9 (12.4, 19.5) | 12 (10, 13) | 12.8 (10.1, 15.5) |
| Age 9–13y | 71 (61, 81) | 124 (115, 132) | 53 (49, 57) | 74.5 (60.3, 88.7) | 95 (86, 104) | 24 (22, 26) | 33.9 (27.4, 40.3) | 29 (27, 31) | 30.4 (26.1, 34.7) |
| Age 14–18y | 85 (73, 98) | 152 (141, 162) | 66 (62, 70) | 77.8 (62.5, 93.1) | 117 (105, 128) | 31 (30, 33) | 36.7 (29.6, 43.9) | 35 (33, 37) | 30 (25.7, 34.4) |
| Dietary fiber (gm) | |||||||||
| Overall | 13.9 (13.4, 14.5) | 14.6 (14, 15.2) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 4.7 (4.2, 5.1) | 16.1 (15.6, 16.6) | 2.2 (2.1, 2.3) | 15.7 (14.2, 17.2) | −1.5 (−1.6, −1.4) | −9.5 (−10.3, −8.7) |
| Age 4–8y | 12.9 (12.4, 13.4) | 13.4 (12.9, 13.9) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 3.8 (3.2, 4.5) | 14.1 (13.7, 14.6) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 9.3 (7.8, 10.8) | −0.7 (−0.8, −0.6) | −5.0 (−5.8, −4.2) |
| Age 9–13y | 14.3 (13.3, 15.3) | 14.9 (13.9, 15.8) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.5) | 16.6 (15.7, 17.5) | 2.3 (2.1, 2.5) | 16.1 (14.1, 18.1) | −1.7 (−1.9, −1.6) | −10.5 (−11.7, −9.4) |
| Age 14–18y | 14.6 (13.7, 15.5) | 15.5 (14.6, 16.3) | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 6.1 (5.5, 6.7) | 17.6 (16.9, 18.4) | 3.0 (2.8, 3.2) | 20.6 (18.5, 22.8) | −2.1 (−2.3, −2.0) | −12.1 (−13.2, −10.9) |
| Calcium (mg) | |||||||||
| Overall | 1068 (1022, 1113) | 1152 (1110, 1194) | 85 (79, 90) | 7.9 (7.2, 8.7) | 1082 (1037, 1127) | 14 (13, 15) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 70 (66, 75) | 6.5 (5.9, 7.1) |
| Age 4–8y | 1027 (973, 1080) | 1067 (1014, 1121) | 40 (34, 46) | 3.9 (3.3, 4.5) | 1035 (981, 1088) | 8 (7, 9) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 32 (28, 37) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.6) |
| Age 9–13y | 1061 (986, 1136) | 1156 (1081, 1230) | 95 (87, 103) | 9.0 (7.9, 10.0) | 1076 (1001, 1151) | 15 (14, 16) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.6) | 80 (73, 86) | 7.4 (6.6, 8.3) |
| Age 14–18y | 1132 (1053, 1211) | 1132 (1053, 1211) | 117 (110, 124) | 10.5 (9.2, 11.8) | 1132 (1053, 1211) | 20 (19, 21) | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 97 (91, 103) | 8.6 (7.5, 9.6) |
| Potassium (mg) | |||||||||
| Overall | 2244 (2156, 2333) | 2508 (2430, 2586) | 264 (248, 280) | 11.7 (10.7, 12.8) | 2447 (2367, 2527) | 203 (191, 215) | 9.0 (8.2, 9.9) | 61 (57, 65) | 2.5 (2.3, 2.7) |
| Age 4–8y | 2105 (2021, 2190) | 2245 (2172, 2318) | 140 (120, 159) | 6.6 (5.5, 7.8) | 2217 (2142, 2292) | 112 (96, 127) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.2) | 28 (24, 32) | 1.3 (1, 1.5) |
| Age 9–13y | 2183 (2067, 2299) | 2466 (2356, 2575) | 283 (259, 306) | 13 (11.5, 14.4) | 2396 (2286, 2507) | 214 (196, 232) | 9.8 (8.7, 10.9) | 69 (64, 75) | 2.9 (2.6, 3.2) |
| Age 14–18y | 2434 (2266, 2601) | 2797 (2644, 2950) | 363 (342, 384) | 14.9 (13.2, 16.7) | 2712 (2556, 2869) | 279 (263, 295) | 11.5 (10.1, 12.8) | 84 (79, 90) | 3.1 (2.8, 3.5) |
| Cost ($/d) | |||||||||
| Overall | 4.48 (4.28, 4.69) | 4.72 (4.52, 4.91) | 0.23 (0.22, 0.25) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.7) | 4.93 (4.73, 5.12) | 0.44 (0.42, 0.47) | 9.9 (9.0, 10.8) | −0.21 (−0.22, −0.2) | −4.3 (−4.6, −3.9) |
| Age 4–8y | 3.83 (3.73, 3.93) | 3.98 (3.89, 4.07) | 0.15 (0.13, 0.17) | 3.8 (3.2, 4.4) | 4.08 (3.99, 4.17) | 0.24 (0.21, 0.28) | 6.4 (5.4, 7.3) | −0.1 (–0.11,–0.08) | –2.4 (−2.8, −2.0) |
| Age 9–13y | 4.42 (4.30, 4.54) | 4.65 (4.53, 4.77) | 0.23 (0.21, 0.25) | 5.2 (4.7, 5.7) | 4.89 (4.77, 5.02) | 0.47 (0.43, 0.51) | 10.6 (9.6, 11.5) | −0.24 (−0.26, −0.22) | −4.9 (−5.3, −4.5) |
| Age 14–18y | 5.15 (4.68, 5.62) | 5.47 (5.01, 5.93) | 0.32 (0.3, 0.34) | 6.2 (5.4, 7.0) | 5.76 (5.31, 6.22) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.65) | 11.8 (10.3, 13.4) | −0.29 (−0.31, −0.27) | −5.1 (−5.7, −4.4) |
a The mean shortfall in the overall population was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.71, 0.80) and 68.8 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
b The mean shortfall among those 4–8y was 0.41 (95 % CI 0.36, 0.47) and 53.3 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
c The mean shortfall among those 9–13y was 0.79 (95 % CI 0.72, 0.86) and 75.0 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake
d The mean shortfall among those 14–18y was 1.03 (95 % CI 0.97, 1.09) and 77.9 % had a shortfall in total fruit intake