Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of PML survivors with and without seizures
| Seizures | No seizures | Univariate analysisi | Multivariate analysisj |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=28 | N=36 | P value | Relative risk (95 % confidence interval) |
P value | |
| Median age at PML onset, year (range) | 41.5 (23–84) | 44.5 (20–84) | 0.13 | ||
| Gender, N (%) | |||||
| Male | 24 (86 %) | 28 (78 %) | 0.52 | ||
| Female | 4 (14 %) | 8 (22 %) | |||
| Diagnosis, N (%) | |||||
| Clinical-radiologic | 7 (25 %) | 13 (36 %) | 0.55 | ||
| Virologic | 14 (50 %) | 17 (47 %) | |||
| Histologic | 7 (25 %) | 6 (17 %) | |||
| Etiology of immunosuppression, N (%) | |||||
| HIV | 21 (75 %) | 23 (64 %) | 0.34 | ||
| Hematologic malignancy | 5 (18 %)a | 8 (22 %)b | |||
| Other | 2 (7 %)c | 5 (14 %)d | |||
| Treatment for PML, N (%) | |||||
| 5HT2a blockers | 16 (57 %)e | 21 (58 %)f | 0.73 | ||
| Anti-virals | 5 (18 %)g | 4 (11 %)h | |||
| None | 7 (25 %) | 11 (31 %) | |||
| Lesion location, N (%) | |||||
| Juxtacortical | 22 (79 %) | 11 (31 %) | <0.001 | 3.5 | 0.02 |
| Subcortical only | 4 (14 %) | 20 (56 %) | (1.3–9.4) | ||
| Insufficient imaging data available | 2 (7 %) | 5 (13 %) | |||
| Hyperintense cortical signal, N (%) | |||||
| Present | 14 (50 %) | 7 (19.5 %) | 0.02 | 1.0 | 0.98 |
| Absent | 12 (43 %) | 22 (61 %) | (0.58–1.76) | ||
| Insufficient imaging data available | 2 (7 %) | 7 (19.5 %) | |||
| Enhancement, N (%) | |||||
| Present | 15 (54 %) | 14 (39 %) | 0.20 | 1.07 | 0.81 |
| Absent | 9 (32 %) | 17 (47 %) | (0.61–1.87) | ||
| Insufficient imaging data available | 4 (14 %) | 5 (14 %) | |||
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), idiopathic lymphocytopenia (n = 2), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 1)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), idiopathic lymphocytopenia (n = 2), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 2), follicular cell lymphoma (n = 2)
Multiple sclerosis on natalizumab (n = 1), combined variable immunodeficiency (n = 1)
Dermatomyositis (n = 1), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1), chemotherapy for brainstem glioma (n= 1), Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (n = 1), alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 1)
Mirtazapine (n =11), mirtazapine + mefloquine (n = 3), mirtazapine + cytarabine (n = 2)
Mirtazapine (n = 16), mirtazapine + mefloquine (n = 3), mefloquine (n = 1), Mefloquine + IL-2 (n = 1)
Cidofovir (n = 4), cidofovir + interferon alpha (n = 1)
Cidofovir (n = 3), cytarabine + interferon alpha (n = 1)
Non-parametric median test was used for comparing age distributions, while chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical variables with type 1 error set at 0.05
Relative risks were estimated from multivariate generalized linear model with log link and binary error term