Effect of silymarin on class I HDAC proteins and HDAC activity in human NSCLC cells. A549 and H460 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of silymarin (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) for 24 h, nuclear lysates were then prepared and subjected to either western blot analysis or HDAC activity assay. A. Treatment of cells with silymarin reduced the levels of class 1 HDAC proteins (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC8) in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines. Equal loading of proteins was verified using blotting with an antibody against histone H3. B. The effect of silymarin on HDAC activity was measured using the HDAC Activity Assay Kit (Active Motif), following manufacturer’s instructions. Significant inhibition was observed versus vehicle-treated control cells, ¶P<0.05, *P<0.01.