Table 5.

Sensitivity analysis of the association between an IQR increase for past-year PM_2.5 exposure (2.5 μg/m³) in annual average PM_2.5 exposure and leukocyte log₁₀-transformed telomere length (T/S ratio) and mtDNA content.

Model variable	Telomere length		mtDNA content
	Estimated effect (95% CI)	p-Value	Estimated effect (95% CI)	p-Value
Main model	–0.040 (–0.065, –0.017)	0.0005	–0.065 (–0.094, –0.038)	0.0001
+ Glucose	–0.039 (–0.61, –0.017)	0.0006	–0.059 (–0.082, –0.037)	0.0001
+ CRP	–0.034 (–0.057, –0.011)	0.003	–0.056 (–0.078, –0.034)	0.0001
+ HDL	–0.032 (–0.054, –0.009)	0.0057	–0.057 (–0.080, –0.035)	0.0001
+ LDL	–0.034 (–0.057, –0.011)	0.0036	–0.061 (–0.084, –0.038)	0.0001
+ Systolic BP	–0.037 (–0.060, –0.014)	0.0022	–0.061 (–0.085, –0.037)	0.0001
+ Diastolic BP	–0.037 (–0.061, –0.14)	0.0022	–0.061 (–0.085,–0.037)	0.0001
Excluding participants < 10 years at current address	–0.043 (–0.065, –0.021)	0.0002	–0.064 (–0.088, –0.041)	0.0001
The main model, adjusted for sex, age, BMI, socioeconomic status (based on education and monthly family income), statin use, past smoking status, white blood cell count, and percentage of neutrophils, was additionally adjusted for each listed covariate in a separate model. A separate sensitivity analysis was performed using the main model while excluding participants that lived < 10 years at their current address.