Table 2.
Adjusteda differences [and 95% confidence interval (CI)] in 5-year change in physical performance by exposure to traffic-related air pollution.
| Exposure measure | Difference in 5-year change in physical performance score (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term exposure to oxides of nitrogen (NOX)b (n = 5,708) | ||
| Quartile of long-term NOX exposure | ||
| Lowest (20.7–36.2 ppb) | 0.00 | Reference |
| 2nd (36.3–39.6 ppb) | –0.49 | (–1.06, 0.08) |
| 3rd (39.7–43.7 ppb) | –0.52 | (–1.13, 0.10) |
| Highest (43.8–56.0 ppb) | –1.14 | (–1.86, –0.42) |
| ptrendc = 0.002 | ||
| Per 10-ppb increment in long-term NOX exposure | –0.87 | (–1.35, –0.39) |
| Residential distance to road (n = 9,994) | ||
| Minimum distance to nearest truck route or A1 or A2 road | ||
| ≥ 200 m | 0.00 | Reference |
| 100–199 m | 0.20 | (0.02, 0.38) |
| 50–99 m | –0.02 | (–0.28, 0.23) |
| < 50 m | –0.17 | (–0.62, 0.28) |
| ptrendc = 0.2 | ||
| Distance to nearest A3 road | ||
| ≥ 200 m | 0.00 | Reference |
| 100–199 m | –0.24 | (–0.38, –0.10) |
| 50–99 m | –0.12 | (–0.32, 0.08) |
| < 50 m | –0.04 | (–0.25, 0.16) |
| ptrendc = 0.02 | ||
| NOX, oxides of nitrogen aAdjusted for age, sex, race, education, income, and smoking status. bPredicted exposures averaged over 5 years. cTrend p-values computed from models containing a term that took on the median values of each category. | ||