Full multivariable model results
| Only ICD-9 codes | ICD-9 codes AND billing for wound culture | Only wound culture billing | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| TYPE OF ANTIBIOTIC USED (Reference = Cefoxitin) | |||||||||
| Cefotetan | 0.99 | 0.89 | 1.11 | 0.97 | 0.74 | 1.28 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 1.15 |
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.82 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.90 |
| Ertapenem | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.43 | 0.64 |
| Metronidazole/Cefazolin | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.49 | 0.94 | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.73 |
| Other | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.72 | 0.56 | 0.92 | 0.69 | 0.58 | 0.83 |
| DURATION OF PROPHYLAXIS (Reference = Day 0) | |||||||||
| Day 0+1 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.14 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.26 |
| Day 1+ | 0.93 | 0.86 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 1.07 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 1.03 |
| PATIENT DEMOGRAPHICS | |||||||||
| Age (continuous) | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| Gender (Reference = Male) | |||||||||
| Female | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.84 |
| Race (Reference = White) | |||||||||
| Black | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.64 | 1.09 | 0.92 | 0.76 | 1.11 |
| Hispanic | 1.08 | 0.89 | 1.32 | 1.02 | 0.63 | 1.66 | 1.29 | 0.93 | 1.80 |
| Other | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.13 | 1.19 | 0.95 | 1.48 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 1.41 |
| HEALTHCARE RELATED | |||||||||
| Insurance type (Reference = Commercial) | |||||||||
| Medicaid | 1.00 | 0.87 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 0.90 | 1.59 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 1.23 |
| Medicare | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 0.69 | 1.01 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 1.03 |
| Uninsured | 0.94 | 0.94 | 1.12 | 0.78 | 0.51 | 1.18 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 1.39 |
| Other | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.26 | 1.04 | 0.64 | 1.67 | 0.96 | 0.67 | 1.39 |
| Hospital location (Reference = Urban) | |||||||||
| Rural | 1.08 | 0.97 | 1.20 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 1.37 | 0.67 | 0.35 | 1.25 |
| Hospital size (continuous) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
| Hospital Teaching Status (Reference = Teaching) | |||||||||
| Non-Teaching | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.95 | 1.23 | 0.73 | 2.08 | 1.01 | 0.58 | 1.79 |
| PROCEDURE RELATED | |||||||||
| Procedure status (Reference = Elective) | |||||||||
| Emergency | 0.95 | 0.87 | 1.03 | 1.21 | 1.01 | 1.45 | 1.28 | 1.12 | 1.46 |
| Urgent | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.99 | 1.10 | 0.85 | 1.43 | 1.17 | 0.96 | 1.41 |
| Indication for Colectomy | |||||||||
| Neoplasm | 1.59 | 1.05 | 2.42 | 2.43 | 1.20 | 4.94 | 1.89 | 1.04 | 3.45 |
| Diverticular Disease | 2.18 | 1.43 | 3.32 | 3.76 | 1.83 | 7.71 | 2.46 | 1.34 | 4.51 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 2.07 | 1.36 | 3.13 | 4.08 | 2.06 | 8.11 | 3.00 | 1.67 | 5.39 |
| Type of procedure | |||||||||
| Right Hemicolectomy | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.96 | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.89 |
| Sigmoidectomy | 0.96 | 0.88 | 1.06 | 0.89 | 0.72 | 1.09 | 0.91 | 0.78 | 1.05 |
| Other | 0.95 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 1.14 | 0.92 | 1.43 | 0.99 | 0.84 | 1.17 |
| Year of procedure (Reference = 2006) | |||||||||
| 2007 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1.03 | 0.90 | 0.68 | 1.19 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 1.13 |
| 2008 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 0.84 | 1.44 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.12 |
| 2009 | 1.23 | 1.08 | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.00 | 1.73 | 1.05 | 0.85 | 1.28 |
| 2010 | 1.13 | 0.99 | 1.28 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 0.83 | 1.25 |
| 2011 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.20 | 1.07 | 0.81 | 1.43 | 0.93 | 0.75 | 1.15 |
| 2012 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 1.36 | 1.19 | 0.90 | 1.59 | 1.04 | 0.85 | 1.29 |
| 2013 | 1.18 | 1.04 | 1.35 | 1.12 | 0.83 | 1.51 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.37 |
| Mean length of hospital stay | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| COMORBIDITIES | |||||||||
| Mean Charlson comorbidity index | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 |
| Smoking | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 0.98 | 1.33 | 1.19 | 1.06 | 1.33 |
| Obesity | 1.73 | 1.59 | 1.88 | 1.56 | 1.29 | 1.89 | 1.36 | 1.18 | 1.58 |