FIGURE 1.

VSV-triggered type I IFN induces miR-223 expression in macrophages. A, RAW264.7 cells were infected with or without VSV at m.o.i. 0.1 for 12 h. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with or without VSV at m.o.i. 10 for 24 h. The expressions of different miRNAs were measured by qPCR and normalized to the expression of U6 in each sample. B, RAW264.7 cells were infected with or without VSV at m.o.i. 0.1 for indicated times or at indicated m.o.i. for 12 h, and the expression of miR-223 was measured by qPCR and normalized to the expression of U6 in each sample. C, mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with or without VSV at m.o.i. 10 for indicated times or at indicated m.o.i. for 24 h, and the expression of miR-223 was measured. D, RAW264.7 cells were infected with VSV at m.o.i. 0.1, and mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected VSV at m.o.i. 10. Total protein levels of VSV-G in lysates were detected by immunoblot at the indicated time. E, RAW264.7 were treated with suramin (200 μm) after infection with VSV at m.o.i. 0.1 for 1 h and then infected with VSV for 12 h; the expression of VSV RNA replicates, IFN-β and miR-223, were measured by qPCR, and total protein levels of VSV-G in lysates were detected by immunoblot. F, mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated with suramin (200 μm) after infection with VSV at m.o.i. 10 for 1 h and then infected with VSV for 24 h; the expression of VSV RNA replicates, IFN-β and miR-223, were measured by qPCR, and total protein levels of VSV-G in lysates were detected by immunoblot. G, RAW264.7 cells were infected with infectious VSV, heat- or UV-inactivated VSV at m.o.i. 0.1 for 12 h; IFN-β and miR-223 were measured by qPCR. H, mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with infectious VSV, heat- or UV-inactivated VSV at m.o.i. 10 for 24 h; IFN-β and miR-223 were measured by qPCR. I, mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with infectious H1N1, heat- or UV-inactivated H1N1 at m.o.i. 10 for 24 h; IFN-β and miR-223 were measured by qPCR. J, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with rmIFN-β (25 ng/ml) for indicated times or pretreated with anti-mouse IFNAR1 antibody (10 μg/ml) for 2 h, then infected with VSV at m.o.i. 0.1 for indicated times, and the expression of miR-223 was measured. K, mouse peritoneal macrophages were treated as in E, infected with VSV at m.o.i. 10 for indicated times, and miR-223 expression was measured. Data are the mean ± S.D. (n = 3) of one representative experiment. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. ***, p < 0.1; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05; ns, not significant; Ctrl, control.