Table 2. Description of sample general characteristics according to the mode of delivery.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2009–2012.
| Variables | Total Sample (n = 159) | Vaginal Delivery (n = 99) | Cesarean Section (n = 60) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 26.80 (5.58) | 26.78 (5.64) | 26.83 (5.53) | 0.52 |
| Education (years) | 8.43 (3.02) | 8.38 (2.89) | 8.52 (3.26) | 0.40 |
| Per capita family income (US $)b | 287.40 (215.51) | 294.08 (227.64) | 276.20 (194.82) | 0.31 |
| Parity (number of previous deliveries)c | ||||
| 0 | 52 (32.70) | 27 (27.27) | 25 (41.67) | 0.06 |
| ≥1 | 107 (67.30) | 72 (72.73) | 35 (58.33) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)b | ||||
| Pre-pregnancy | 24.65 (4.31) | 24.32 (4.01) | 25.19 (4.76) | 0.11 |
| 3rd trimester of gestation | 28.82 (4.15) | 28.40 (3.80) | 29.51 (4.62) | 0.05 |
| 30–45 days postpartum | 26.37 (4.11) | 26.00 (3.92) | 26.99 (4.38) | 0.07 |
| 3rd trimester blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 112.03 (8.90) | 111.09 (8.93) | 113.58 (8.71) | 0.04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 67.26 (6.68) | 66.47 (6.50) | 68.57 (6.82) | 0.03 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 82.19 (6.79) | 81.35 (6.70) | 83.57 (6.76) | 0.02 |
| Total gestational weight gain (kg) | 11.72 (4.37) | 11.69 (4.31) | 11.77 (4.52) | 0.46 |
| Weight change from 3rd trimester to postpartum (kg)b | -8.84 (2.58) | -8.66 (2.52) | -9.14 (2.66) | 0.13 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.61 (1.43) | 39.55 (1.40) | 39.69 (1.48) | 0.28 |
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.31 (.46) | 3.30 (.39) | 3.33 (.57) | 0.35 |
| Breastfeeding (at 30–45 days postpartum visit)c | ||||
| Exclusive | 105 (66.04) | 68 (68.69) | 37 (61.67) | 0.46 |
| Mixed | 47 (29.56) | 28 (28.28) | 19 (31.67) | |
| None | 7 (4.40) | 3 (3.03) | 4 (6.67) | |
| Serum C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | 8.37 (6.23) | 8.33 (6.25) | 8.44 (6.25) | 0.46 |
| Plasma insulin (μU/mL) | 8.75 (8.76) | 8.60 (6.94) | 8.99 (9.47) | 0.39 |
| Plasma leptin (ng/dL) | 30.86 (21.80) | 29.76 (21.91) | 32.69 (21.67) | 0.21 |
ap-value refers to t-test for comparison of means.
bOne missing value for the Cesarean Section group.
cValues represents n(%) and p-value refers to chi-square test for proportions.