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. 2016 Jul 8;11(7):e0158796. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158796

Fig 1. Agonistic and biological activities of AD extract in vitro.

Fig 1

(A) β-lactamase activity as a reporter was measured in the GPR119-CRE-bla CHO-K1 cell line treated with the indicated concentrations of AD extract for 5 h. (B) Intracellular cAMP levels were measured in GLUTag and INS-1 cells treated with AD extract for 30 min. (C) Active GLP-1 secretion from GLUTag cells treated with AD extract for 30 min. (D) Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells treated with AD extract for 2 h in the presence of low (L, 3 mM) or high (H, 17.5 mM) glucose. AD extract dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). n = 3-4/group. Values are means ± SE. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment (DMSO), ##p<0.01 compared with vehicle treated cells in the presence of high glucose.