Table 2.
Characteristics of the Participants by Treatment Group
| Treatment Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (N=150) | Control (N=158) | Overall (N=308) | P-value* | |
| Age | 0.87 | |||
| Early childhood: 0 to 2 years | 37 ( 24.7) | 40 ( 25.3) | 77 ( 25.0) | |
| Children: 3 to 8 years | 61 ( 40.7) | 61 ( 38.6) | 122 ( 39.6) | |
| Pre-puberty age 9 to 11 years | 19 ( 12.7) | 25 ( 15.8) | 44 ( 14.3) | |
| Early Adolescence:> 12 years to 14 years | 28 ( 18.7) | 29 ( 18.4) | 57 ( 18.5) | |
| Adolescence: 15 years to 18 years | 5 ( 3.3) | 3 ( 1.9) | 8 ( 2.6) | |
| Gender | 0.19 | |||
| Male | 86 ( 57.3) | 102 ( 64.6) | 188 ( 61.0) | |
| Female | 64 ( 42.7) | 56 ( 35.4) | 120 ( 39.0) | |
| Marshal Classification on initial CT | 0.33 | |||
| Diffuse Injury type I | 21 ( 14.0) | 14 ( 8.9) | 35 ( 11.4) | |
| Diffuse Injury type II | 84 ( 56.0) | 90 ( 57.0) | 174 ( 56.5) | |
| Diffuse Injury type III | 19 ( 12.7) | 18 ( 11.4) | 37 ( 12.0) | |
| Diffuse Injury type IV | 1 ( 0.7) | 1 ( 0.6) | 2 ( 0.6) | |
| Evacuated Mass Lesion | 12 ( 8.0) | 19 ( 12.0) | 31 ( 10.1) | |
| Non-evacuated Mass Lesion | 13 ( 8.7) | 16 ( 10.1) | 29 ( 9.4) | |
| Transport | 0.67 | |||
| Private Vehicle | 71 ( 47.3) | 70 ( 44.3) | 141 ( 45.8) | |
| Physician + Medical Ambulance | 41 ( 27.3) | 40 ( 25.3) | 81 ( 26.3) | |
| Unknown | 20 ( 13.3) | 29 ( 18.4) | 49 ( 15.9) | |
| Other | 8 ( 5.3) | 5 ( 3.2) | 13 ( 4.2) | |
| Police | 2( 1.3) | 5 ( 3.2) | 7 ( 2.3) | |
| Taxi | 3 ( 2.0) | 4 ( 2.5) | 7 ( 2.3) | |
| Ambulance (no doctor) | 2( 1.3) | 3 ( 1.9) | 5 ( 1.6) | |
| Helicopter | 2 ( 1.3) | 1 ( 0.6) | 3 ( 1.0) | |
| Firefighters | 1 ( 0.7) | 1 ( 0.6) | 2 ( 0.6) | |
| Initial Assistance | 0.81 | |||
| No assistance | 76 ( 50.7) | 83 ( 52.5) | 159 ( 51.6) | |
| Physician | 33 ( 22.0) | 30 ( 19.0) | 63 ( 20.5) | |
| Unknown | 20 ( 13.3) | 18 ( 11.4) | 38 ( 12.3) | |
| Untrained person (passerby) | 10 ( 6.7) | 9 ( 5.7) | 19 ( 6.2) | |
| Medical Rescue Team | 6 ( 4.0) | 9 ( 5.7) | 15 ( 4.9) | |
| Other | 4 ( 2.7) | 6 ( 3.8) | 10 ( 3.2) | |
| Nurse | 1 ( 0.7) | 2 ( 1.3) | 3( 1.0) | |
| Paramedic | 1 ( 0.6) | 1 ( 0.3) | ||
| Severity (GCS) | 0.90 | |||
| Mild | 65 ( 43.3) | 72 ( 45.6) | 137 ( 44.5) | |
| Moderate | 28 ( 18.7) | 27 ( 17.1) | 55 ( 17.9) | |
| Severe | 57 ( 38.0) | 59 ( 37.3) | 116 ( 37.7) | |
| Mechanism of Injury | 0.75 | |||
| Traffic accident | 63 ( 42.0) | 71 ( 44.9) | 134 ( 43.5) | |
| Fall from height | 50 ( 33.3) | 48 ( 30.4) | 98 ( 31.8) | |
| Strike | 20 ( 13.3) | 17 ( 10.8) | 37 ( 12.0) | |
| Other | 8 ( 5.3) | 10 ( 6.3) | 18 ( 5.8) | |
| Fall from own height | 4 ( 2.7) | 10 ( 6.3) | 14 ( 4.5) | |
| Gunshot wound | 4 ( 2.7) | 2 ( 1.3) | 6 ( 1.9) | |
| Unknown | 1 ( 0.7) | 1 ( 0.3) | ||
| POPC at discharge | 0.31 | |||
| 1 | 112 ( 74.7) | 121 ( 76.6) | 233 ( 75.6) | |
| 2 | 21 ( 14.0) | 12 ( 7.6) | 33 ( 10.7) | |
| 3 | 9 ( 6.0) | 10 ( 6.3) | 19 ( 6.2) | |
| 4 | 7 ( 4.7) | 13 ( 8.2) | 20 ( 6.5) | |
| 5 | 1 ( 0.7) | 2 ( 1.3) | 3 ( 1.0) | |
Note: Values expressed as N(%)
P-value comparisons across treatment groups for categorical variables are based on Chi-square test of homogeneity. Some categories were grouped when the Chi-square test was not valid due to cells with expected counts less than 5