Figure 8.

N-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to retrograde signal transmission. A, The N-type VGCC blocker ω-conotoxin GVIA (1 μm) significantly suppressed the light-induced inward currents of rd1 and cnga3^−/− DACs (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; n = 7). None of the other antagonists (B: 10 μm nifedipine (L-type), n = 5; C: 100 nm ω-agatoxin IVA (P/Q-type), n = 3; D: 150 nm SNX 482 (R-type), n = 3; and E: 10 μm mibefradil (T-type), n = 3) significantly reduced signal transmission. F, VGCC blocker mixture containing all of the antagonists (1 μm conotoxin; 10 μm nifedipine; 100 nm agatoxin; 150 nm SNX 482, and 10 μm mibefradil) significantly reduced rd1 and cnga3^−/− DAC light-induced responses (paired t test; n = 6). Bar charts are average data represented as the mean ± SEM before and during drug application.