Fig. 2.

Effects of TCT isomers (0.3–10 µM) on the (a) IL-6, (b) ICAM-1, (c) VCAM-1, and (d) e-selectin gene expression in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. Prior to incubation, total RNA was extracted from the cells and subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to determine the ICAM-1 gene expression. Each data was normalized to 1.0 (HUVECs incubated with LPS alone) and GAPDH reference gene. Data are expressed as mean±SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ****p<0.0001 compared to HUVECs incubated with LPS alone.