Table 2.
Maternal demographic, clinical and hospital characteristics and their association with successful external cephalic version among breech presentations (N = 1, 079, 576)
| Successful ECV (N = 56, 409) N (%) |
Persistent breech presentation at Delivery (N = 1, 023, 167) N (%) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years): | |||
| 16–19 | 3355 (5.9 %) | 79, 603 (7.8 %) | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) |
| 20–34 | 41, 551 (73.7 %) | 765, 573 (74.4 %) | Reference |
| 35–39 | 9102 (16.1 %) | 143, 789 (14.1 % | 1.21 (1.13–1.3) |
| > = 40 | 2395 (4.2 %) | 37, 517 (3.7 %) | 1.25 (1.12–1.39) |
| Race/Ethnicity: | |||
| White | 25, 795 (45.7 %) | 490, 605 (47.9 %) | Reference |
| Black | 2936 (5.2 %) | 62, 567 (6.1 %) | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) |
| Hispanic | 6797 (12.0 %) | 145, 623 (14.2 %) | 0.90 (0.81–1.00) |
| Asian | 1711 (3.0 %) | 40, 104 (3.9 %) | 0.8 (0.69–0.91) |
| Pacific Islander | 1987 (3.5 %) | 39, 884 (3.9 %) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) |
| Other/ Unknown | 17, 182 (30.5 %) | 244, 384 (23.9 %) | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) |
| Primary expected payer: | |||
| Medicare | 200 (0.4 %) | 5242 (0.5 %) | 0.68 (0.48–0.95) |
| Medicaid | 17, 520 (31.1 %) | 322, 282 (31.6 %) | Reference |
| Private insurance | 35, 157 (62.5 %) | 636, 748 (62.4 %) | 0.92 (0.87–0.99) |
| Self-Pay | 1734 (3.1 %) | 29, 823 (2.9 %) | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) |
| No charge | 85 (0.2 %) | 2078 (0.2 %) | 0.76 (0.44–1.30) |
| Other | 1557 (2.8 %) | 24, 670 (2.4 %) | 1.09 (0.95–1.24) |
| Hypertensive disease | 3197 (5.7 %) | 75, 464 (7.4 %) | 0.78 (0.72–0.86) |
| Diabetes | 3375 (6.0 %) | 64, 546 (6.3 %) | 0.97 (0.9–1.05) |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 777 (1.4 %) | 21, 853 (2.1 %) | 0.69 (0.58–0.82) |
| Grand-multiparity | 862 (1.5 %) | 8401 (0.8 %) | 1.81 (1.50–2.18) |
| Annual hospital delivery volume: | |||
| <=1000 | 11, 286 (20.0 %) | 201, 914 (19.7 %) | Reference |
| 1001–2000 | 14, 118 (25.0 %) | 236, 610 (23.1 %) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) |
| 2001–4000 | 18, 063 (32.0 % | 357, 615 (35.0 %) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) |
| >4000 | 12, 942 (22.9 %) | 227, 028 (22.2 %) | 1.18 (0.84–1.65) |
| Annual hospital cesarean delivery frequency (%): | |||
| <20 | 9698 (17.2 %) | 103, 493 (10.1 %) | Reference |
| 20–24 | 13, 686 (24.3 %) | 194, 484 (19.0 %) | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) |
| 25–29 | 16, 345 (29.0 %) | 292, 255 (28.6 %) | 0.60 (0.49–0.73) |
| 30–34 | 9736 (17.3 %) | 217, 125 (21.2 %) | 0.48 (0.37–0.64) |
| > = 35 | 6943 (12.3 %) | 215, 810 (21.1 %) | 0.35 (0.29–0.43) |
ECV = External Cephalic Version; IUGR = Intrauterine growth retardation
Adjusted for all characteristics in the table; All percentages weighted. Note age is missing for 690 patients and primary payer for 2481 patients. The odds presented are the odds of having successful external cephalic version versus persistent breech delivery