. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Jun 13;27(7):929–940. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0773-y

Table 4.

Association of childhood ALL with intake of vitamin supplements containing B vitamins before and during pregnancy, by maternal race/ethnicity

Vitamin supplements before pregnancy	Hispanic mothers^a 234 cases, 296 controls		White mothers^a 265 cases, 374 controls		Asian mothers^a 68 cases, 79 controls

	Discordant sets (%)^b	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Discordant sets (%)^b	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Discordant sets (%)^b	Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Level of B vitamin intake from multiple vitamins^c	68 (29.1)		177 (66.8)		31 (45.6)
None		(Ref)		(Ref)		(Ref)
Moderate intake		1.12 (0.44–2.84)		1.25 (0.75–2.07)		---
High intake		0.36 (0.17–0.74)		0.76 (0.50–1.16)		1.51 (0.47–4.89)

Vitamin supplements during pregnancy	194 cases, 229 controls		154 cases, 261 controls

Pregnancy only	53 (41.7)	(Ref)	86 (71.1)	(Ref)		---
Before and during pregnancy^d		0.34 (0.14–0.79)		0.66 (0.39–1.11)		---

Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for adjusted for father’s education, mother’s education, household income, and maternal age at child’s birth and the principal component for nutrient intake from food.

Race/ethnic categories for vitamin supplement use include both English and Spanish respondents because questions did not differ by language.

Discordant sets are case-control pairs or triplets for which the mothers were discordant on exposure and contributed to estimation of the OR in the conditional logistic models.

For folic acid, moderate intake is >0 & <600 µg and high intake is ≥600 µg. For vitamins B12, B6, and riboflavin, moderate intake is >0 & <5 µg B12 and <1.5 mg B6 and riboflavin, and high intake is ≥5 µg B12 and ≥1.5 mg B6 and riboflavin.

Multiple vitamin use before pregnancy and use of prenatal vitamins, one-a-day Centrum or Thera-type multiple vitamins, Stresstabs/B-complex vitamins, or folic acid during pregnancy.