Table 1.
Genes studied in the epigenetics of anxiety
| Gene | Product | Species | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Avp | Arginine Vasopressin | Rodent | Posterior pituitary hormone with role in cognition, maternal behavior, etc. |
| Bcl11a | B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11A | Rodent | Zinc finger protein involved in neuroplasticity |
| Bdnf | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Rodent | Growth factor involved in neuroplasticity |
| Crh | Corticotrophin releasing hormone | Rodent | Stress response hormone |
| Crhr1 | Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 | Rodent | G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) for corticotrophin releasing hormone |
| Crybb1 | Crystallin, beta B1 | Rodent | Mediates cellular homeostasis in response to stressors |
| Egr1 | Early growth response 1 | Rodent | Transcriptional regulator with role in neuroplasticity |
| Fgf2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2 | Rodent | Growth factor involved in neuroplasticity |
| Fkbp5 | FK506 binding protein 5 | Rodent | Interacts with corticoid receptor complexes |
| Gad1 | Glutamate decarboxylase 1 | Rodent | Synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid |
| GAD1 | Human | ||
| Gadd45b | Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta | Rodent | Stress response by activation of the p38/JNK pathway |
| Htr1a | 5-HT1A receptor | Rodent | Inhibitory GPCR mediating serotonin neurotransmission |
| Jag1 | Jagged1 | Rodent | Cell surface receptor involved in Notch signaling |
| Kap1 (Trim28) | KRAB-associated protein 1 | Rodent | Transcriptional corepressor (Tripartite motif containing 28) |
| MAOA | Monoamine oxidase A | Human | Catalyzes oxidative deamination of amines (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) |
| Kmt2a | Lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2A | Rodent | Regulates H3K4me3 activity |
| Nr3c1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 | Rodent | Glucocorticoid receptor and transcriptional activator (glucocorticoid receptor) |
| Nr4a1 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 | Rodent | Transcription factor involved in neuroplasticity (nerve growth factor IB) |
| Ntsr1 | Neurotensin receptor 1 | Rodent | GPCR with role in hypertension, thermal regulation, antinociception, etc. |
| Oprm1 | μ-opioid receptor | Rodent | GPCR receptor for opioids and is involved in analgesia, reward, emotions, stress, etc. |
| OXTR | Oxytocin receptor | Human | GPCR with role in attachment and lactation |
| Peg3 | Paternally-expressed 3 | Rodent | Imprinted transcription factor gene involved in fetal growth and nurturing behaviors |
| Pomc | Proopiomelanocortin | Rodent | Precursor of peptides involved in steroidogenesis, stress, energy homeostasis, immune modulation, etc. |
| Rln | Reelin | Rodent | Glycoprotein with role in synaptic plasticity and neuronal migration |
| SLC6A4 | Solute carrier family 6, member 4 | Human | Transports serotonin from synaptic cleft into |
| Slc6a4 | (serotonin transporter, 5-HTT) | Rodent | presynaptic neuron |
| SLC6A2 | Solute carrier family 6, member 2 | Human | Transports norepinephrine from synaptic cleft into (norepinephrine transporter, NET) presynaptic neuron |
| Syn1 | Synapsin I | Rodent | Neuronal phosphoprotein on cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles that may modulate neurotransmitter release |
| Mkrn3 | Makorin ring finger protein 3 | Rodent | Paternally imprinted gene encoding a putative ribonucleoprotein |
| Pcdhb6 | Protocadherin beta 6 | Rodent | Integral plasma membrane proteins with role in determining neural connections |