. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2016 May 14;146-147:60–72. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.006

Table 2.

Preclinical models of anxiety

Test	Indices of Anxiety-like Behavior	Reference
Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)	↑ time/entries into closed arms ↓ time/entries into open arms	(Montgomery, 1955)
Open Field	↓ time/entries into center zone ↑ time/entries in peripheral zones	(Hall and Ballachey, 1932)
Light-Dark Box	↑ time/entries into dark chamber ↓ time/entries into light chamber	(Crawley and Goodwin, 1980)
Novelty-induced Hypophagia	↑ latency to feed	(Dulawa and Hen, 2005)
Novel Environment (stickleback fish)	↑ thigmotaxis	(Maximino et al., 2010)