Table I. Medications^a commonly used with dosage information^b.

Drug	Class	Use	Rat	Guinea pig	Benefits	Adverse effects
			Range (Dose)	Range (Dose)
Atropine	Anticholinergic	↓Mucus secretions	0.005-0.01 mg/kg6 (0.01 mg/kg)	0.1-0.2 mg/kg6 (0.1 mg/kg)	Cardioprotective	Urinary retention
Buprenorphine	Narcotic	Analgesia	0.01-0.05 mg/kg7	0.01-0.05 mg/kg8	Nonulcerogenic	↓Appetite, urinary retention
Carprofen	NSAID	Analgesia	5-10 mg/kg7 (5 mg/kg)	2-4 mg/kg9 (3 mg/kg)	Nonsedative analgesia	Ulcerogenic
Enrofloxacin	Fluoroquinolone	Infection prophylaxis	5-10 mg/kg9 (5 mg/kg)	5-10 mg/kg9 (5 mg/kg)	Broad-spectrum coverage	Diarrhea, renal toxicity
Heparin	Anticoagulant	Anticoagulant	(100 U/kg)10	(400 U/kg)c	Antithrombotic	Bleeding
Heparin Saline	Anticoagulant	Anticoagulant	100 U/mL	100 U/mL	Antithrombotic	Bleeding
Isoflurane	Halogenated anesthetic	Anesthetic	5% induction, then 2%-3%9	5% induction, then 1.5%-2.5%9	Easily titrated	No residual analgesia
Ketamine	NMDA antagonist	Anesthetic	60-70 mg/kg IP7	20-50 mg/kg IM11	↓Respiratory and cardiac depression	Not titratable, ↑secretions
Normal Saline	Replacement fluids	Hydration	100 mL/kg	100 mL/kg
Ranitidine	H2 blocker	GI prophylaxis	N/A	5-10 mg/kg9 (5 mg/kg)	↓Gastric acid production	Arrhythmogenic (rare)

GI, Gastrointestinal; IM, intramuscular; IP, intraperitoneal; N/A, not applicable; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

^aMedications are specified as generic drug name.

^bTherapeutic ranges and dose used in the final model.

^cTitrated to decrease early thrombosis rate.