Table II. Summary of the approaches used in the rat.
| Weeks implanted | Anastomotic technique | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| First author, year | Anesthesia | Anticoagulation/ antiplatelet |
Graft type, mm |
Intima quantitated |
Aorta resected, mm |
Suture size type |
Stitch type, No. |
Anastomosis type/approach |
| Yeh,14 1984 | Pentobarbital | Heparin IV | 10 | 1-52 | Yes | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| HUA | No | 3-4 | Nylon | 16 | N/S | |||
| Ribbe,15 1987 | Ether | Heparinized saline | PTFE | 1-24 | N/S | 9-0 or 10-0 | N/S | |
| 7 or 20 | No | N/S | Nylon | Ligated iliolumbar/lumbar arteries | ||||
| Lepidi,16 1996 | Ketamine/xylazine | PTFE | 4 | N/S | 10-0 | N/S | End-end | |
| 10 | No | N/S | Nylon | N/S | N/S | |||
| Randone,17 1997 | Ketamine/xylazine | Aorta | 4 | N/S | 10-0 | Continuous | End-end | |
| 10 | Yes | N/S | Nylon | N/S | N/S | |||
| Poston,18 1998 | Methoxyflurane/pentobarbital | Heparinize graft | Aorta | 2 | N/S | 8-0 | End-side | |
| Yes | N/S | Polypropylene | Loop interposition | |||||
| Dardik,19 1999 | Methoxyflurane | PU | 1-12 | Yes | 10-0 | Interrupted | N/S | |
| 10 | Yes (Mid) | 7 | Nylon | N/S | ||||
| Jeschke,20 1999 | Ketamine/xylazine | PU/ePTFE | 1-4 | N/S | - | N/S | N/S | |
| 10 | Yes (Avg Prox + Distal) | N/S | - | N/S | ||||
| Sterpetti,21 1999 | Ketamine/xylazine | Aorta | 4 | N/S | 10-0 | Continuous | End-end | |
| 10 | Yes | N/S | Nylon | N/S | N/S | |||
| Andriambeloson,22 2001 | N2O + O2/isoflurane | Aorta | 2 | N/S | N/S | N/S | End-end | |
| 10 | No | N/S | N/S | |||||
| Johnson,23 2002 | Pentobarbital | Aorta | 8 | N/S | 9-0 | N/S | End-end | |
| 10 | No | N/S | Nylon | N/S | ||||
| Kidd,24 2003 | Pentobarbital | Aorta | 8 | N/S | 9-0 | N/S | End-end | |
| 10 | No | N/S | Nylon | N/S | ||||
| Yamamoto,25 2007 | Pentobarbital | Heparin IV (100 U) | Femoral vein | 1-4 | N/S | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 10 | Yes (Prox, Dist, Mid) | N/S | Nylon | N/S | N/S | |||
| Cikirikcioglu,26 2008 | Isoflurane | N/S | ePTFE | 3 | Beveled | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 20 | No | 15 | Nylon | N/S | Ligated all side branches from renal artery to iliac bifurcation | |||
| Thaunat,27 2008 | Pentobarbital | N/S | Aorta | 2-13 | N/S | End-end | ||
| 10 | Yes | N/S | ||||||
| Gui,28 2009 | Ketamine/xylazine | Heparin (1000 IU/kg)/clopidogrel | Umbilical vein | 2-8 | N/S | 10-0 | N/S | |
| 8-10 | Yes (Mid) | N/S | Nylon | N/S | ||||
| Pektok,29 2009 | Isoflurane | ePTFE | 3-24 | Beveled | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end | |
| 10 | Yes | 10 | Nylon | |||||
| Nieponice,30 2010 | Isoflurane | Heparin IV (40 IU) | Tissue engineered | 8 | N/S | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 10 | No | Nylon | ||||||
| Enomoto,31 2010 | Pentobarbital | Heparin IV (100 IU/kg) | Silk fibroin | 2-72 | Yes | 9-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 10 | No | 10 | Nylon | 10-12 | 2 stay sutures 180°; front then back wall | |||
| Chen,32 2010 | Pentobarbital | Graft heparinized | Femoral vein | 24 | N/S | 8-0 | Continuous | End-end |
| Yes (aneurysmal site) | N/S | Polypropylene | ||||||
| Ladhoff,33 2010 | Ketamine/xylazine | Acellular aorta | 2 | N/S | 8-0 | N/S | End-end | |
| No | N/S | Nylon | N/S | |||||
| Thaunat,34 2010 | Ketamine/xylazine | N/S | Aorta | 4 | N/S | N/S | N/S | End-end |
| 10 | No | N/S | N/S | N/S | N/S | |||
| He,35 2010 | Isoflurane/ketamine | PEUU | 8 | 10-0 | End-end | |||
| No | Polypropylene | |||||||
| Nakao,36 2011 | Isoflurane | Vena cava | 3 | N/S | End-Side | |||
| 20 | Yes | |||||||
| Soletti,37 2011 | Isoflurane/ketamine | Heparin IV (40 IU); aspirin (100 mg/kg/d) | PEUU | 4-24 | N/S | 10-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 10 | No | N/S | Polypropylene | 5-6 | ||||
| Yagi,38 2011 | Pentobarbital | Heparin IV (100 IU/kg) | Fibroin graft | 2 and 8 | Yes | 9-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 10 | No | 7 | Nylon | 8-10 | ||||
| Sun,39 2012 | Isoflurane | Vena cava | 6 | N/S | ||||
| 20 | Yes | N/S | ||||||
| Wu,40 2012 | Isoflurane | PCL | 2-13 | Yes | 9-0 | End-end | ||
| 8-10 | No | 4 | Nylon | |||||
| Pennel,41 2013 | Isoflurane | Heparin (1 mg/kg) | ePTFE + PU | 2-6 | N/S | 9-0 | Interrupted | End-end |
| 18.4/70.3 | No | N/S | Nylon | |||||
| Kumar42 2013 | Isoflurane | Heparinized graft | Collagen and elastin | 2 | Yes | 10-0 | Interrupted | |
| No | 5 | 8-10 | ||||||
| Dall'Olmo,43 2014 | Isoflurane | N/S | Acellular | 4-12 | Yes | 10 | Continuous | End-end |
| 10 | No | 10 | Polypropylene | |||||
Dist, Distal; ePTFE, extended polytetrafluoroethylene; HUA, human umbilical artery; IV, intravenous; Mid, midgraft; N/S, not specified; PCL, poly(ε-caprolactone); PEUU, poly(ester urethane)urea; Prox, proximal; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PU, polyurethane.