Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 May 17;389:921–929. doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1255-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2016

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig 7 — A model of the effects of adenosine on nerve-endings and smooth muscle to modulate contractile function in human and guinea-pig detrusor. a: Guinea-pig bladder. Acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP bind to M₃ and P2X₁ receptors respectively. Adenosine, derived from ATP breakdown in the nerve-muscle junction, binds to A2_B (detrusor) and A1 (nerve endings) receptors. b: Human stable bladder. ACh binds to M₃ receptors; ATP is completely broken down in the nerve-muscle junction. Adenosine has an effect via non-A receptors (n/A) on detrusor. c: Human NDO bladder. ACh binds to M₃ receptors; ATP is incompletely broken down and activates detrusor via P2X₁ receptors. Adenosine acts on detrusor via non-A receptors and binds to nerve-terminal A1 receptors. + activation, − inhibition