Table 3.
Standardized prevalence of renal and cardiovascular events in the study population by country and stratified by urate-lowering treatment in gout trial-aligned prevalent established gout cohorts in databases in four countries
| N patients | Overall cohort | Allopurinol-treated cohort | Febuxostat-treated cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE | UK | US | FRd | DE | UK | US | FRd | DE | UK | US | FRd | |
| 35,118 | 24,607 | 121,591 | 17,338 | 22,036 | 14,707 | 60,925 | 10,845 | 236 | 62 | 2577 | 1418 | |
| Pre-index conditions | Standardized prevalence rate, %a | |||||||||||
| Renal disease | ||||||||||||
| Abnormal sCr levelsb, c | 6.5 | 30.6 | 2.2 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 31.0 | 0.5 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 31.8 | 0.6 | 5.5 |
| Diagnosis of CKD/renal failure | 6.7 | 10.9 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 7.7 | 11.0 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 11.8 | 15.4 | 10.1 | 1.4 |
| Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis | 5.0 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 1.0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||||||||
| Essential hypertension | 59.5 | 24.4 | 52.4 | 31.2 | 63.8 | 25.2 | 51.0 | 35.4 | 54.4 | 10.0 | 52.7 | 33.0 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2.6 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Heart failure | 3.6 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 10.5 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 12.4 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 2.4 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 6.4 | 2.1 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | – | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
CKD Chronic kidney disease, DE Germany, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, FR France, KDOQI Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, sCr serum creatinine, UK United Kingdom, US United States
aStandardized to approximate age and sex distribution of gout clinical trial patients
bFor US and FR, low rates may be attributable to the limitations of availability of laboratory data for all patients
cPresence of ≥1 reduced eGFR calculated from sCr data, suggesting the presence of CKD Stage 2 or greater (based on KDOQI staging)
dFor FR, inpatient hospitalization data were unavailable for most patients so outcomes that often require hospitalization may be underestimated