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. 2016 Jul 11;7:273. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00273

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Copyright © 2016 Johansson, Björkander, Mata Forsberg, Qazi, Salvany Celades, Bittmann, Eberl and Sverremark-Ekström.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lactobacilli-CFS dampens S. aureus, SEA, and CD3/CD28-induced IFN-γ responses. PBMC were stimulated as indicated in combination with either LGG-CFS or L. reuteri-CFS and analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) The relative percentage of IFN-γ⁺ cells among the CD4⁺ (n = 6–14), CD8⁺ (n = 6–15), γδ TCR⁺ (n = 5–15), CD161⁺Vα7.2⁺ (n = 4–7), and CD3⁻CD56⁺ (n = 6–15) lymphocyte populations is shown. The percentage of IFN-γ⁺ cells in the presence of lactobacilli-CFS is relative to the percentage of IFN-γ⁺ cells in the absence of lactobacilli-CFS, which is set to 1. (B) Examples of IFN-γ stainings of the cell populations described in (A). Bars show medians with interquartile range.