TABLE 4. Multivariate-adjusted associations between characteristics and health status indicators in Canadians 12 years and older with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia (n = 1849), 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey.
| Characteristics | Fair/poor general health |
Fair/poor mental health |
Severe level of impairment |
Presence of pain |
Activity limitations |
Help needed for tasks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| CFS or FM comorbidity | ||||||
| Ref: either CFS or FM | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Both CFS and FM | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
| Number of other chronic conditions | ||||||
| Ref: 0–2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 3 | 2.0 (1.4–2.7) | 2.7 (1.6–4.5) | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 2.9 (2.0–4.2) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Ref: female | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Male | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Age, years | ||||||
| Ref: 12–39 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 40–59 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 2.3 (1.2–4.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.4 (0.6–3.5) |
| 60+ | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.7 (0.7–4.2) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Ref: White | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Aboriginal off-reserve | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.6 (0.9–2.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Other | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Education | ||||||
| Ref: Post-secondary graduate | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Some post-secondary | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) |
| High school graduate | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Less than high school | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| Not stated | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.8 (0.6–5.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.1 (0.6–1.5) |
| Income adequacy | ||||||
| Ref: Quintile 5 (highest) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Quintile 4 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.4 (0.7–2.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.0–1.6) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
| Quintile 1 (lowest) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) |
| Not stated | 0.6 (1.0–2.3) | 0.5 (0.0–6.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Ref: Single | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Married/common-law | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
| Ref: < 25 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25–29 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| ≥ 30 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Ref: Active | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Moderately active | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
| Inactive | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) |
| Drinks alcohol | ||||||
| Ref: At least weekly | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Less than weekly | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Not in past 12 months | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Ref: Never smoker | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Former smoker | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Current smoker | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.6 (1.1–2.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption, servings per day | ||||||
| Ref: <5 servings | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥ 5 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) |
Abbreviations: CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome; FM, fibromyalgia; Ref, referent; PR, prevalence ratio.
Note: Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) are bolded.