TABLE 1. DASH-Pattern scoring scheme.

Dietary component	Examples of FFQ items (or nutrient calculation)	Excluding
POSITIVE	1 point for intakes ≥ median; 0 points for intakes < median
Whole grains	Bran, granola cereals, shredded wheat, cooked cereals, dark and whole grain bread	White bread, rice, macaroni
Vegetables	Tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, spinach or other greens, winter squash, sweet potatoes, any other vegetable including green beans, corn, peas	French fries, soups with vegetables or tomato, vegetable juice
Fruit	Apples, pears, oranges, bananas, cantaloupe, other fruit, fresh or canned, orange or grapefruit juice	Items with added sugar such as drinks from frozen concentrate, crystals
Low-fat dairy products	2% milk, 1% milk, skim milk	Whole milk, regular cheese, ice cream
Nuts/seeds/legumes	Nuts, tofu, soybeans, baked beans or lentils	High fat peanut butter
NEGATIVE	1 point for intakes ≤ median; 0 points for intakes > median
Meat (red, processed)	Beef, pork, lamb as a main or mixed dish, hamburger, sausage, hotdog, smoked or corned beef, luncheon meats, liver	Fish, poultry, eggs
SFAs	Total dietary SFA intake from all foods in the FFQ, as defined by: % = Saturated Fat (g) x 9 (kcal) / Total energy of the diet (kcal)
Sodium	Total dietary sodium intake from all foods of FFQ
Alcohol	Beer, wine, liquor
Sweets	Cake, cookies, doughnuts, pastry, pies, ice cream, chocolate, soft drinks, drinks from powdered drink crystals, etc.

Abbreviations: DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; FFQ, Food Frequency Questionnaire; SFA, saturated fat.