Table 4.
Studies using hypocaloric antenatal diets for obese pregnancy and gestational diabetes.
| Author | Sample | Dietary Treatment | Outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obese Pregnancy | |||
| Badrawi 1993 [89] | 100 obese multiparous Egyptian women age 25–35 years. | Treatment: balanced low-energy (1500–2000 kcal/day) diet. Control: normal diet according to WHO energy recommendations (2300–3000 kcal/day). | Gestational weight gain, Birth weight, and PIH |
| Campbell 1975 [87] | 153 primiparous Scottish women with high gestational weight gain (>1.25 lb. or 570 g per week) between 20 and 30 weeks. | Intervention: low-energy (1200 kcal/day), low-carbohydrate diet beginning at 30 weeks. Control: no intervention. | Gestational weight gain, PIH, and pre-eclampsia |
| Campbell 1983 [88] | 182 obese (>75th centile weight-for-height) Scottish primiparous women with normal IVGTT | Intervention: low-energy (1250 kcal/day) diet. Control: no intervention. | Gestational weight gain, birth weight, birth length at 28 weeks gestational age, preterm birth, pre-eclampsia. |
| Gestational Diabetes (GDM) | |||
| Knopp 1991 [90] | 12 overweight GDM | 1200 kcal (50% restriction) vs. 2400 kcal 150 g (50%) vs. 300 g CHO/d (50%) | 1200 kcal improved (randomized) glucose; elevated ketones |
| Knopp 1991 [91] | 6 overweight GDM (randomized) | 1600–1800 (30%–33% restriction) vs. 2500 kcal plus prophylactic insulin; 200 g (50%) vs. 300 g CHO/d (50%) | 1600–1800 kcal restriction improved glucose and trig with no marked ketonuria |
| Algert 1985 [94] | 22 obese (non-randomized) | 1700–1800 kcal; 212–225 g CHO/d (50%–60%) | Lower weight gain, higher; mean birth weight, no ketonuria |
| Magee 1990 [92] | 12 obese (randomized) | 1200 kcal (50% restriction) vs. 2400 kcal (usual intake); 150 g (50%) vs. 300 g CHO/d) (50%) | 1.200 kcal lowered mean glucose, no change in fasting plasma glucose, Increased ketonemia |
| Rae 2000 [93] | 66 intervention vs. control with insulin (randomized) | 1590–1776 kcal (30% restriction) vs. 2010–2220 kcal; 210–244 g (51%) vs. 240–274 g CHO/d (46%) | No difference in frequency of insulin use; lower kcal had lower dose; no increase in ketones |
Total of 5 studies: N = 553 subjects.