. 2016 Apr 28;6(5):717–728. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.04.001

Table 3.

Six Small Molecules Used for Reprogramming

Abbreviation	Small Molecule	Function in Reprogramming	Target	References
A	A-83-01	promotes reprogramming of human epidermal keratinocytes using OCT4 and KLF4	(−)TGF-β(smad2)	Yu et al., 2011, Zhu et al., 2010
C	CHIR99021	combined with parnate results in the reprogramming of human primary keratinocyte transduced with OCT4 and KLF4	(−)GSK-3β	Yu et al., 2011, Zhu et al., 2010
T	thiazovivin	ROCK inhibitor which dramatically improves the reprogramming efficiency in the presence of PD, Chir, A-83-01, and hLIF	(−)ROCK	Yu et al., 2011
P	cyclic pifithrin-α	suppression or silencing of P53 significantly increased the reprogramming efficiency of human somatic cells	(−)P53	Hong et al., 2009, Kawamura et al., 2009, Okita et al., 2011
N	sodium butyrate	enhanced miR302/367 cluster, histone H3 acetylation, promoter DNA demethylation, and the expression of endogenous pluripotency-associated genes	(−)HDAC	Mali et al., 2010, Zhu et al., 2010, Zhang and Wu, 2013;
PD	PD0325901	PD serves as a selection strategy when generating iPSCs from virally transduced neural progenitor cells, and contributes to stabilization of the iPSC state. Selectively binds and inhibits MEK, which may result in the inhibition of phosphorylation and activation of MAPK/ERK and the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation	(−)MEK-(+)MAPK/ERK	Yu et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2010