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. 2016 May 31;139(7):1939–1957. doi: 10.1093/brain/aww113

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Nasal anti-CD3 ameliorates disease in a progressive model of EAE. ( A and B ) Clinical scores of EAE in NOD mice treated nasally with CD3 specific or isotype control mAbs, administered daily (1 µg/mouse) from Day 30 after EAE induction (progressive phase) for the duration of the experiment. Representative data of eight independent experiments with n = 8 mice/group (mean and SEM), statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA and linear regression. ( C–J ) At the experimental endpoint (Day 70) mice Rotarod performance was evaluated ( G ), and ( l–J ) histopathology analysis of lumbar spinal cord serial sections from EAE NOD mice treated with anti-CD3 or isotype control as in A was performed. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Luxol Fast blue stain or Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation for analysis of mononuclear cell infiltration and vacuoles indicating oedema, demyelination or axonal loss (axonal injury with spheroids is identified by red arrows), respectively. Representative data of two independent experiments with n = 6 mice/group, statistical analysis by Student’s t -test ( E–G ) Quantification of dystrophic axons as determined by amyloid precursor protein (APP) staining and lesions load, respectively. Representative data of two independent experiments with n = 6 mice/group, statistical analysis by Student’s t -test. ( H–J ) Blood–brain barrier permeability. ( H ) Extravasation of endogenous fibrin and antibodies (IgG), and ( J ) exogenous tracer dye Evans Blue or FITC-conjugated dextran to the spinal cord. Representative data of two independent experiments with n = 5 mice/group. ( K ) Clinical scores of EAE in NOD mice treated nasally with CD3 specific or isotype control mAbs from Day 45 after EAE induction. Representative data of two independent experiments with n = 8 mice/group (mean and SEM), statistical analysis by two-way ANOVA. Scale bar = 100 µm for low power magnification ( C and H ), and 50 µm ( C–E and H ) or 20 µm ( J ) for higher magnification. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, n.s. = not significant.