Fig. 7. Vesicoureteral reflux in a patient with a single kidney.

A, B. Left ureter (arrows) is diffusely dilated and the left renal pelvis and calyces are dilated. C. Diffuse thickening of the bladder wall (arrowheads) and dilation of the retrovesical ureter (arrow) are noted. D. Voiding cystourethrogram confirms a high-grade reflux into the single urinary system. E. Posterior view of the ^99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy confirms a single left kidney. In cases of single kidney, various anomalies including vesicoureteral reflux or ureteropelvic junction obstruction may coexist at the single kidney.