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. 2016 Apr 21;11(6):438–448. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1176816

Table 1.

Differences in anthropometric characteristics, blood lipid profile, inflammatory marker and miRNA concentrations of the 9 subjects following each of the 3 experimental diets1.1

  Control
 rTFA
 iTFA
  
Characteristics
 Mean ± SD
 Range
 Mean ± SD
 Range
 Mean ± SD
 Range
 Friedman's test P value (and Padj value)2
Age (years)3 36.6 ± 16.9 20–59 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Anthropometrics and atherogenic lipoproteins and lipids4
 BMI (kg/m2) 25.0 ± 3.60 19.5–32.6 25.1 ± 3.49 21.2–33.0 25.3 ± 3.43 20.7–32.8 0.264 (1.000)
 Waist girth (cm) 85.0 ± 10.7 66.2–101.8 86.0 ± 8.92 74.5–102.8 85.8 ± 9.29 72.0–102.2 0.581 (1.000)
 Triglycerides (mmol/L)5 1.03 ± 0.47 0.37–1.76 1.02 ± 0.49 0.58–2.13 1.08 ± 0.52 0.50–2.05 0.641 (1.000)
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 4.74 ± 1.01 3.44–6.13 5.11 ± 1.09 3.47–6.99 5.00 ± 1.00 3.82–6.30 0.013* (0.052†)
 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) 3.32 ± 0.93 2.14–4.66 3.69 ± 0.96 2.61–5.39 3.56 ± 0.87 2.61–4.71 0.045* (0.180)
Atheroprotective lipoprotein and its major protein component4
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) 1.17 ± 0.23 0.84–1.55 1.16 ± 0.27 0.75–1.54 1.14 ± 0.28 0.73–1.56 1.000 (1.000)
 Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L) 1.47 ± 0.17 1.26–1.73 1.41 ± 0.23 0.95–1.81 1.48 ± 0.23 1.19–1.85 0.318 (1.000)
 HDL-Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L) 1.31 ± 0.19 1.09–1.61 1.27 ± 0.21 0.88–1.50 1.31 ± 0.26 1.01–1.74 0.717 (1.000)
Blood pressure4              
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 107.5 ± 13.6 93.3–132.7 115.7 ± 18.8 88.7–146.0 110.0 ± 13.7 90.7–132.0 0.247 (0.988)
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 64.4 ± 5.90 56.7–72.7 70.5 ± 6.26 62.0–83.3 70.5 ± 5.90 60.7–78.0 0.025* (0.100†)
Inflammatory marker4
 C reactive protein (mg/L) 2.86 ± 4.49 0.21–14.2 0.99 ± 0.93 0.08–2.97 0.97 ± 0.81 0.23–2.62 0.819 (1.000)
HDL-carried miRNAs6              
 hsa-miR-223-3p (copies/µg HDL-ApoA1) 2608.3 ± 448.6 N/A 3013.9 ± 538.7 N/A 2773.8 ± 740.2 N/A N/A
 hsa-miR-135a-3p(copies/µg HDL-ApoA1) 1.62 ± 0.65 N/A 29.24 ± 9.27 N/A 5.29 ± 3.62 N/A N/A
1

Control: diet low in TFA from any source; Padj: Bonferroni adjusted P-value for multiple testing; SD: standard deviation; iTFA: diet rich in TFA from industrial source; rTFA: diet rich in TFA from ruminant; TFA: trans fatty acids.

2

Differences between diets were assessed using the Friedman's test, with Bonferroni adjusted P values for multiple testing. Adjusted P value = Friedman's test P value multiplied by 4 independent tests performed. The studied characteristic was significantly different (*) between groups at Padj ≤ 0.05. A trend for difference between diets (†) was observed at Padj ≤ 0.1.

3

Subject's age at the beginning of the study.

4

Participants' characteristics were grouped in 4 independent categories of related tests according to principal component analysis (PCA) results: 1) Anthropometrics and atherogenic lipoproteins and lipids; 2) Atheroprotective lipoprotein and its major protein component; 3) Blood pressure; and 4) Inflammatory marker.

5

Geometric mean.

6

Absolute quantification performed on pooled miRNA samples extracted from HDL fractions (n=9) after each diet.