Table 4.

Phytochemicals with prebiotic function for gut microbiota.

S. number	Prebiotics	Chemical structure	Plant	Effects on poultry microbiota	Reference
33	Inulin		Chicory	Enhancing gut microflora, morphology, and immunity	[83, 84]
34	Mannan-oligosaccharides		Fungi and yeast	Increasing digestion and gut microbiota	[85, 86]
35	Xylooligosaccharides		Bamboo shoots, fruits, vegetables, and wheat bran	Increasing Lactobacillus in colon	[87]
36	Isomaltooligosaccharides		Starch	Increasing cecal probiotics and fatty acids	[88, 89]
37	Soy oligosaccharides	?	Soybean	Changing microbiota	[90]
38	Pyrodextrins	?	Sucrose	Increasing gut microbiota and growth performance	[91]
39	Oligofructose	?	Asparagus, sugar beet, garlic, onion, chicory, and artichoke	Increasing digestion and gut microbiota	[85, 86, 92]
40	Arabinoxylooligosaccharides	?	Wheat bran	Increasing digestion and gut microbiota	[93–95]

?: unknown.