Figure 4.

Release of tissue inhibitor of TIMP2 by human (A) osteoblasts and (B) macrophages. Celles were cultivated under standard culture conditions and later treated with the respective particles for 48 h. Subsequently, cell culture supernatants were collected and analyzed using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (osteoblasts, n=4; macrophages, n=3). TIMP2 contents are displayed relative to the untreated control. Data are presented as box plots. ^*P≤0.05 vs. particle exposure. °P≤0.05 vs. 0.01 mg/ml (Mann-Whitney U test). TIMP2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2; PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; ZrO₂, zirconiumoxide; TiO₂, titanium dioxide.