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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 11.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55(4-5):399–405. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.103218ap

Fig. 4. Responses to oxygen supply-demand mismatch.

Fig. 4

(A) Left: Network containing a vessel with low perfusion resulting in hypoxia (blue color). Right: Enlarged view of hypoxic region. Signals generated in the vessel wall or the parenchymal tissue (green arrows) increase in proportion to local oxygen deficiency and stimulate diameter increase. This increase increases perfusion and oxygen availability constituting a negative feedback between tissue hypoxia and metabolic signaling. (B) If vessel density is too low, diameter increases lead to increased blood flow but oxygen supply of remote tissue cells remains inadequate. Supply of remote tissue cells requires stimulation of angiogenesis by tissue derived metabolic signals. (C) New vessel generated by sprouting angiogenesis (dashed line) results in reduction of diffusion distances and adequate tissue oxygenation.