Table 1.

Unadjusted Descriptive Statistics for Demographic Variables by Visual Acuity and Self-Reported Vision Status (NHANES IV, 1999–2008, Weighted).

Visual acuity	Normal (n = 7,424)	Low (n = 1,236)	Blind (n = 146)	Total (N = 8,806)	Wald χ2(df)	Significance	Cramer’s V
Indicators	% in category
% of total	84.3	14.0	1.7	100.0
Age (≥70)	47.2a	71.8b	80.7c	51.2	307.9 (2)	***	0.19
Gender (Male)	44.7a	42.0ab	37.0b	44.1	6.3 (2)	*	0.03
Race/ethnicity
White	83.8a	73.4b	69.4b	82.1	94.2 (2)	***	0.10
Black	7.6a	10.0b	13.4b	8.0	13.7 (2)	**	0.04
Other	3.0a	5.2b	4.0a	3.3	16.3 (2)	***	0.04
Hispanic	5.6a	11.4b	13.2b	6.6	69.6 (2)	***	0.09
Education
<HS diploma	24.7a	40.8b	55.0c	27.5	193.0 (2)	***	0.15
HS diploma	29.4a	27.9ab	24.3b	29.1	2.7 (2)	ns	0.02
≥Some college	45.9a	31.3b	20.7c	43.5	122.9 (2)	***	0.12

Self-reported vision status	Good (n = 7,138)	Fair (n = 1,528)	Poor (n = 562)	Total (N = 9,229)	Wald χ2(df)	Significance	Cramer’s V
Indicators	% in category
% of total	77.4	16.6	6.1	100.0
Age (≥70)	49.2a	59.9b	69.4c	52.2	129.6 (2)	***	0.12
Gender (Male)	44.8a	41.6b	38.1b	43.9	13.6 (2)	**	0.04
Race/ethnicity
White	83.9a	73.0b	72.1b	81.3	132.0 (2)	***	0.12
Black	7.3a	12.3b	12.4b	8.4	52.6 (2)	***	0.08
Other	3.5a	3.8a	3.7a	3.6	0.3 (2)	ns	0.01
Hispanic	5.3a	11.0b	11.8b	6.7	90.5 (2)	***	0.10
Education
<HS diploma	23.2a	42.4b	55.6c	28.3	445.8 (2)	***	0.22
HS diploma	29.5a	28.7a	22.2b	28.9	13.5 (2)	**	0.04
≥Some college	47.3a	29.0b	22.2c	42.7	274.6 (2)	***	0.17

Note. Subscripts represent pairwise differences, significant at p ≤ .5. NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; HS = high school.

^*p < .05.

^**p ≤ .005.

^***p ≤ .0005.