Table 3.

Logistic Regression Models Testing the Effects of Visual Acuity and Self-Reported Vision Status on Social Support Indicators (NHANES IV, 1999–2008, Weighted).

Indicator	N (Models 0/1/2/3/4)	Vision status	Model 0a		Model 1b		Model 2c		Model 3d		Model 4e
			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Marital status	(7,512, 7,502, 7,457, 7,398, 7,381)	Low	1.82a	[1.53, 2.17]	1.59a	[1.33, 1.90]	1.57a	[1.31, 1.88]	1.51a	[1.26, 1.81]	1.46a	[1.24, 1.80]
		Blind	2.39a	[1.57, 3.64]	2.03a	[1.31, 3.13]	2.00a	[1.31, 3.06]	1.84a	[1.22, 2.79]	1.86a	[1.23, 2.82]
		Fair	1.44a	[1.23, 1.68]	1.25a	[1.05, 1.49]	1.24a	[1.04, 1.48]	1.19a	[1.00, 1.42]	1.19a	[1.00, 1.41]
		Poor	1.92a	[1.45, 2.55]	1.59a	[1.19, 2.12]	1.52a	[1.13, 2.03]	1.36a	[1.02, 1.83]	1.36a	[1.00, 1.83]
Emotional support	(7,626, 7,492, 7,447, 7,388, 7,371)	Low	1.26	[1.04, 1.52]	1.11	[0.92, 1.32]	1.11	[0.93, 1.33]	1.09	[0.91, 1.30]	1.08	[0.89, 1.29]
		Blind	0.86	[0.47, 1.60]	0.80	[0.43, 1.48]	0.83	[0.45, 1.55]	0.85	[0.45, 1.59]	0.81	[0.43, 1.55]
		Fair	1.61a	[1.31, 1.98]	1.47a	[1.18, 1.82]	1.40a	[1.13, 2.71]	1.23a	[1.00, 1.51]	1.21	[0.99, 1.49]
		Poor	2.40a	[1.70, 3.39]	2.06a	[1.44, 2.94]	1.89a	[1.32, 2.71]	1.57a	[1.08, 2.28]	1.47a	[1.01, 2.14]
Financial support	(7,541, 7,408, 7,365, 7,309, 7,292)	Low	0.95	[0.79, 1.15]	0.97	[0.80, 1.17]	0.97	[0.80, 1.18]	0.94	[0.77, 1.13]	0.94	[0.78, 1.14]
		Blind	0.53a	[0.31, 0.90]	0.53a	[0.31, 0.92]	0.51a	[0.29, 0.90]	0.44a	[0.25, 0.79]	0.44a	[0.25, 0.78]
		Fair	1.16	[0.96, 1.40]	1.13	[0.93, 1.38]	1.09	[0.90, 1.31]	0.99	[0.83, 1.19]	1	[0.83, 1.20]
		Poor	1.59a	[1.22, 2.07]	1.50a	[1.15, 1.96]	1.35a	[1.02, 1.79]	1.18	[0.87, 1.59]	1.19	[0.88, 1.62]
≥1 friend	(7,562, 7,432, 7,388, 7,329, 7,315)	Low	1.36	[0.89, 2.08]	1.06	[0.69, 1.63]	1.04	[0.68, 1.59]	1.03	[0.67, 1.59]	1.04	[0.68, 1.56]
		Blind	1.17	[0.50, 2.72]	1.05	[0.45, 2.42]	1.06	[0.46, 2.48]	1.06	[0.44, 2.52]	1.03	[0.44, 2.39]
		Fair	2.16a	[1.52, 3.07]	1.69a	[1.15, 2.49]	1.70a	[1.15, 2.51]	1.61a	[1.11, 2.33]	1.59	[1.11, 2.29]
		Poor	2.41	[1.48, 3.91]	1.55	[0.91, 2.65]	1.55	[0.91, 2.61]	1.39	[0.83, 2.34]	1.27	[0.76, 2.12]
SIS	(7,350, 7,340, 7,297, 7,241, 7,227)	Low	1.43a	[1.21, 1.69]	1.27a	[1.08, 1.49]	1.26a	[1.07, 1.48]	1.21a	[1.03, 1.43]	1.21a	[1.02, 1.43]
		Blind	1.11	[0.65, 1.89]	1.01	[0.60, 1.69]	1.00	[0.60, 1.69]	0.89	[0.53, 1.51]	0.9	[0.53, 1.53]
		Fair	1.69a	[1.37, 2.08]	1.46a	[1.17, 1.81]	1.39a	[1.12, 1.73]	1.23	[0.99, 1.52]	1.22	[0.99, 1.51]
		Poor	2.54a	[1.88, 3.43]	2.10a	[1.54, 287]	1.89a	[1.37, 2.61]	1.56a	[1.10, 2.21]	1.53a	[1.08, 2.16]

Note. OR with “Normal” and “Good” self-reported vision as the reference groups. Bold entries significant at p ≤ .05. Subscripts indicate statistical differences between models. NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; SIS = social isolation score.

^aModel 0 controlled only visual acuity and self-reported vision (i.e., vision status).

^bModel 1 controlled vision status and sociodemographic variables (i.e., age category, gender, race, education).

^cModel 2 controlled vision status, sociodemographic variables, and chronic diseases.

^dModel 3 controlled vision status, sociodemographic variables, chronic diseases, and functional difficulty.

^eModel 4 controlled vision status, sociodemographic variables, chronic diseases, functional difficulty, and disability.