Table 2. Characteristics of childcare provided in the previous day to non-own children by native- and foreign-born women in the United States aged 50 years and older.
| Foreign-born | Native-born | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Years in the U.S. | <1-9 | 10+ | |
|
| |||
| Unweighted N | 277 | 3,346 | 26,006 |
| Not a child care provider | |||
| No childcare (%) | 84.46 | 90.48 | 90.46 |
| [1-29 minutes) (%) | 1.54 | 1.09 | 1.51 |
| Total | 86.00 | 91.57 | 91.97 |
| Child care provider | |||
| [30 minutes – 4 hours) (%) | 4.84 | 5.03 | 5.67 |
| 4+ hours (%) | 9.16 | 3.40 | 2.36 |
| Total | 14.00 | 8.43* | 8.03** |
| Mean minutes of total childcare | 450.11 | 293.99*** | 206.85*** |
| (Standard deviation) | (292.07) | (259.60) | (194.97) |
| (Standard error) | (52.93) | (19.16) | (4.78) |
| [Range] | [30-930] | [30-992] | [30-1035] |
| Mean minutes of primary childcare | 114.52 | 116.64 | 138.95 |
| (Standard deviation) | (113.63) | (125.71) | (123.32) |
| (Standard error) | (17.94) | (8.98) | (3.50) |
| [Range] | [0-480] | [0-746] | [0-968] |
| Did not provide primary childcare (%) | 21.47 | 18.73 | 6.01 |
| Mean minutes of secondary childcare | 335.58 | 177.35** | 67.91*** |
| (Standard deviation) | (301.12) | (257.85) | (175.68) |
| (Standard error) | (55.69) | (19.18) | (3.90) |
| [Range] | [0-870] | [0-990] | [0-985] |
| Did not provide secondary childcare (%) | 23.29 | 55.07 | 81.03 |
| Mean minutes of childcare on weekday | 450.38 | 284.42* | 201.85*** |
| (Standard deviation) | (301.94) | (244.81) | (180.41) |
| (Standard error) | (63.69) | (23.28) | (5.95) |
| [Range] | [30-930] | [30-900] | [30-975] |
| Not interviewed on weekday (%) | 19.31 | 24.52 | 27.12 |
| Mean minutes of childcare on weekend | 448.99 | 323.47 | 220.31** |
| (Standard deviation) | (263.18) | (300.33) | (229.15) |
| (Standard error) | (66.04) | (30.94) | (7.37) |
| [Range] | [30-870] | [30-992] | [30-1035] |
| Not interviewed on weekend (%) | 80.69 | 75.48 | 72.88 |
| Relationship of child cared for (%) | |||
| Household | |||
| Grandchild | 65.30 | 38.25 | 17.46 |
| Other relative | 8.47 | 0.64 | 0.97 |
| Other nonrelative | 1.18 | 0.27 | 0.37 |
| Non-household | |||
| Other family <18 | 22.60 | 54.85 | 74.79 |
| Other non-relative<18 | 4.54 | 10.58 | 8.96 |
p<0.05,
p<0.01,
p<0.001 indicate a statistically significant difference compared to recent immigrant women.
Source: Author's calculations using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 2003 to 2013.
Notes: All estimates are weighted using ATUS-provided survey weights. A Rao-Scott chi-squared test was used to test differences across groups in the proportion who were childcare providers (i.e., provided at least 30 minutes of care in the previous day). An unadjusted OLS regression of the outcome on duration in the U.S. was used to test differences in continuous variables. Differences in continuous variables were only tested on the subset of women who provided at least 30 minutes of care. Pairwise differences across groups (i.e., between recent immigrant and non-recent immigrant women, and between recent immigrant and native-born women) are not adjusted for multiple testing since the dependent variable is more rigorously tested via multivariate regression in subsequent analyses. The unweighted number of women who were childcare providers is 42 for recent immigrant women, 264 for non-recent immigrant women and 2,198 for native-born women. The relationship of the child whom the respondent cared for is only known for the primary childcare responsibilities. The unweighted number of women who only provided primary childcare responsibilities is 31 for recent immigrant women, 109 for non-recent immigrant women and 519 for native-born women. The unweighted number of women who only provided secondary childcare is 32 for recent immigrant women, 52 for nonrecent immigrant women and 162 for native-born women. The unweighted number of women who provided time-use information on a weekday was 26 for recent immigrant women, 144 for non-recent immigrant women and 1,145 for native-born women. The unweighted number of women who provided time-use information on a weekend was 16 for recent immigrant women, 120 for non-recent immigrant women and 1,053 for native-born women.