Table 2.

Bivariate Relationships Between Hydration Status and Participants’ Characteristics

Characteristic	Adequately Hydrateda (67.4%, Weighted)	Inadequately Hydratedb (32.6%, Weighted)
Age, mean (SD), yc	43 (12)	37 (12)
Race/ethnicityd
Mexican American, %	7.8	12.0
Other Hispanic, %	5.4	7.8
Non-Hispanic white, %	68.4	57.8
Non-Hispanic black, %	10.4	15.0
Other, %e	8.1	7.5
Sexd
Male, %	46.0	59.1
Female, %	54.0	40.9
Income-to-poverty ratio, mean (SD)c	3.0 (1.5)	2.8 (1.5)
BMI, mean (SE)c,d	28.3 (0.15)	29.2 (0.20)
Obese, %f	67.7	59.7
Not obese, %g	32.3	40.3

BMI = body mass index; SE = standard error.

^aUrine osmolality <800 mOsm/kg.

^bUrine osmolality ≥800 mOsm/kg.

^cCompared using independent samples t test, all P <.001.

^dCompared using Pearson χ² test, all P <.001.

^eIncludes Asian, Native American, multiracial, and all other populations.

^FBMI ≥30.

^gBMI <30.