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Effect of clipping treatment on change in plant traits after simulated herbivore damage. Effect on change in (A) number of stems, (B) number of leaves, (C) stem height, (D) shoot biomass and (E) root biomass is shown. Asterisks indicate significant differences between not clipped and clipped plants (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Details of the test results are provided in Supporting Information – File 1.
