Table 1.

Clinical features of reported gangliocytic paragangliomas in cauda equina region.

Case	Age/sex	Clinical presentation	Location	Size (mm)	Pathological findings	Intervention
Current case	68/M	Temporary urinary incontinence, LE, perineal paresthesias	S1-S2 intradural	60 × 26	Neuroendocrine cells in Zellballen pattern, ganglion cells, abundant cytoplasm, GFAP (−), S100 (+), synaptophysin (+)	Complete surgical resection
Vural et al. [3]	17/M	Low back pain, sciatica, difficulty in ambulation	L4 intradural	50 × 30	Neuroendocrine cells in Zellballen pattern, ganglion cells, calcification, GFAP (−), S100 (+)	Complete surgical resection
Llena et al. [7]	42/M	Low back pain, LE weakness	L1 intradural	35 × 20	Neuroendocrine cells in Zellballen pattern, large neurons, neurosecretory granules, dopamine (+)	Complete surgical resection
Matschke et al. [8]	63/F	Low back pain	Cauda equina		Neuroendocrine cells in Zellballen pattern, vascular tissue, ganglion cells, GFAP (+)	Complete surgical resection
Djindjian et al. [9]	36/M	Low back pain, sudden paraplegia following sacral infiltration of medication	L2–L5 intradural	80 × 30	Cells in Zellballen pattern, large mature neurons, gangliocytic differentiation, neurosecretory granules	Complete surgical resection
Mishra et al. [10] described features of 8 paragangliomas in the spinal region, of which two were identified as having prominent gangliocytic differentiation.
Moran et al. [11] described features of 30 different paragangliomas in the spinal region, of which one is classified as gangliocytic.