Table 2.

Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality according to well-being and other variables.

	Adjusted for age, sex, and years of education			Final model
	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Positive affect	0.85	0.75–0.97	0.012	0.87	0.73–1.03	0.09
Negative affect	1.17	1.01–1.37	0.047	0.98	0.81–1.19	0.83
Evaluative well-being	0.84	0.77–0.91	< 0.001	1.05	0.93–1.16	0.46
Health status	0.94	0.92–0.95	< 0.001	0.95	0.93–0.97	< 0.001
Physical multimorbidity (ref. No)	1.32	0.97–1.79	0.08	0.82	0.57–1.19	0.29
Body mass index (ref. normal)
Underweight	6.93	2.45–19.63	< 0.001	5.47	1.88–15.94	0.002
Overweight/obesity	0.72	0.48–1.06	0.09	0.70	0.47–1.04	0.08
Physical activity (ref. high)
Moderate	1.48	0.93–2.36	0.10	1.40	0.87–2.25	0.17
Low	2.40	1.54–3.74	< 0.001	1.28	0.78–2.09	0.33
Daily fruit and vegetable intake (ref. less than 5 servings)	0.82	0.58–1.16	0.26	–	–	–
Tobacco consumption (ref. never smoker)	1.44	1.02–2.03	0.040	1.31	0.90–1.93	0.16
Heavy alcohol consumption (ref. No)	0.28	0.04–1.99	0.21	–	–	–
Married or in partnership (ref. No)	0.73	0.52–1.01	0.06	0.84	0.58–1.21	0.35
Residential setting (ref. rural)	1.17	0.75–1.84	0.49	–	–	–
Household income (ref. first or second quintile of income)	0.94	0.68–1.29	0.70	–	–	–
Sex (ref. male)	–	–	–	0.34	0.23–0.51	< 0.001
Age	–	–	–	1.08	1.07–1.10	< 0.001
Years of education	–	–	–	0.98	0.95–1.01	0.25

A first model assessed the association of each variable with mortality, adjusting only for age, sex and years of education. The final model additionally included the covariates with a p-value < 0.1 in the first model. Positive affect and negative affect scores ranged between 0 and 6, with higher scores indicating higher positive affect and negative affect, respectively. Evaluative well-being ranged between 0 and 10, with higher scores indicating higher evaluative well-being. The HR corresponding to the three well-being variables indicates the increase/decrease in the risk of mortality per one unit increased.