Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the ribosome kinetics of the translation elongation cycle during which a polypeptide is synthesized following the decoding of its corresponding mRNA sequence. The four pathways represent the different types of codon-anticodon interaction (WC, WB, nc, and non). After the tRNA accommodation and peptide bond formation from state 5 to state 6, the subsequent kinetic pathway is assumed to be common for the different types of binding interactions, as the kinetic steps no longer depend on the codon-anticodon recognition. $T_{WC}^{\left(f\right)}$, $T_{WB}^{\left(f\right)}$, $T_{nc}^{\left(f\right)}$, and $T_{\text{non}}^{\left(f\right)}$ are the concentration of free cognate WC, cognate WB, and near-cognate and non-cognate tRNAs, respectively, for the codon being translated. A-site OFF, A-site PROOF, and E-site OFF correspond to the positions where tRNA is released from the mRNA-ribosome complex and P-site ON corresponds to the position where ribosome translocation to the next codon occurs and hence the tRNA in the A-site is placed in the P-site and the one in P-site is placed in the E-site. To see this figure in color, go online.