Table 3.

The feature-to-vulnerable-background contrasts ($C_F$) for CN, FN, and iodinated-blood nodule of the investigated CT systems with FBP-Ramp and FBP-Hanning.

CT System		Feature-to-vulnerable-background contrast ($C_F$)a
		Calcified nodule (CN)		Fatty-mixed nodule (FN)		Iodinated-blood nodule (IB)
		FBP-Ramp	FPB-Hanning	FBP-Ramp	FBP-Hanning	FBP-Ramp	FBP-Hanning
CT-80kVp		$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$9.8\mathrm{e}-1\pm 9.4\mathrm{e}-3$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.4\mathrm{e}+2$	$2.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.6\mathrm{e}-2$
CT-120kVp		$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.2\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.9\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$
CT-140kVp		$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.2\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.4\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.9\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.4\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.9\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$
DECT-DS	$j=1$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$9.8\mathrm{e}-1\pm 1.2\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.7\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=2$	$1.8\mathrm{e}+0\pm 4.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.8\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.6\mathrm{e}-2$	$3.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 6.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$3.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.8\mathrm{e}-2$
DECT-SW	$j=1$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$9.8\mathrm{e}-1\pm 1.2\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.7\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=2$	$1.5\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.5\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.4\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.7\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 6.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$2.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.9\mathrm{e}-2$
MECT-PC	$j=1$	$1.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.4\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$9.0\mathrm{e}-1\pm 1.8\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.9\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.9\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.7\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.8\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.8\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.8\mathrm{e}-2$	$9.6\mathrm{e}-1\pm 1.6\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.8\mathrm{e}-2$	$3.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.7\mathrm{e}-2$	$3.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=3$	$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.2\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.9\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.9\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 0.7\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.9\mathrm{e}+0\pm 2.2\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.9\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.0\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=4$	$1.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.6\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.5\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.6\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.6\mathrm{e}-2$
	$j=5$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.1\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.1\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.0\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.3\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 3.0\mathrm{e}-2$	$1.3\mathrm{e}+0\pm 1.4\mathrm{e}-2$

^aEach $C_F$ was in the format as $\text{mean}\pm \text{standard}$ deviation (std), where std was computed over the contrasts of 50 noise realizations.