TABLE 2—

All-Cause Mortality Crude Rates and Hazard Ratios for the Intellectual Disability and Matched Control Groups: Selected UK General Practices, 2009–2013

	Mortality Rate		Unadjusted Model		Adjusted Modela
Characteristic of Intellectual Disability Adult	Intellectual Disability Group (n = 16 666)	Control Group (n = 113 562)	HR (95% CI)	Pb	HR (95% CI)	Pb
Total	132.4	39.7	3.62 (3.33, 3.93)		3.05 (2.73, 3.41)
Gender				.01		.07
Male	139.5	37.5	4.10 (3.61, 4.66)		3.50 (2.94, 4.16)
Female	127.3	41.5	3.30 (2.96, 3.68)		2.81 (2.43, 3.24)
Age, y
18–34	25.3	5.6	4.29 (3.13, 5.88)		2.43 (1.56, 3.77)
35–54	83.1	19.6	4.17 (3.52, 4.92)	.88	3.22 (2.53, 4.08)	.25
≥55	420.0	129.6	3.39 (3.07, 3.75)	.21	3.03 (2.65, 3.46)	.32
Down syndrome				< .001		< .001
Yes	220.0	24.9	9.21 (7.22, 11.76)		10.39 (7.13, 15.13)
No	121.8	41.6	3.19 (2.92, 3.49)		2.66 (2.36, 3.00)
High level of support needsc				< .001		.001
Yes	190.2	43.9	4.77 (4.08, 5.59)		4.95 (4.03, 6.07)
No	117.4	38.7	3.28 (2.98, 3.62)		3.15 (2.79, 3.55)
Communal/shared accommodations				< .001		< .001
Yes	254.7	56.5	4.99 (4.36, 5.73)		4.30 (3.52, 5.26)
No	99.9	35.1	3.05 (2.74, 3.39)		2.64 (2.30, 3.02)
Autism spectrum disorder				.05		.40
Yes	36.3	16.0	2.39 (1.45, 3.96)		2.22 (1.01, 4.86)
No	141.2	41.8	3.66 (3.37, 3.98)		3.07 (2.74, 3.43)
Epilepsy				< .001		< .001
Yes	188.0	33.7	6.04 (5.04, 7.24)		7.76 (6.10, 9.86)
No	120.3	41.0	3.18 (2.90, 3.50)		2.91 (2.60, 3.27)
Any subgroup categorizationd				< .001		< .001
Yes	173.8	39.8	4.85 (4.36, 5.38)		4.27 (3.64, 5.01)
No	87.9	39.6	2.35 (2.04, 2.70)		2.12 (1.79, 2.51)

Note. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio. Rates are per 10 000 people per year.

^aAdjusted for 9 comorbidities (atrial fibrillation, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, epilepsy, heart failure, severe mental illness, and stroke), deprivation, and smoking status with the exception of the subgroup analyses focusing on epilepsy and high number of support needs, in which epilepsy was not included in the adjustment.

^bFor differences between subgroups (for age, 18–34 years was the baseline group).

^cClassified by a general practitioner as having severe or profound intellectual disability or has ≥ 2 of the following: epilepsy, cerebral palsy or significant mobility problem (wheelchair use or greater), severe visual impairment, severe hearing impairment, continence problem, or use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding.

^dDown syndrome, high level of support needs, communal/shared accommodations, autism, or epilepsy.