TABLE 3—
Cause-Specific Death Rates for the Intellectual Disability and Matched Control Groups: Selected UK General Practices, 2009–2013
| Intellectual Disability Group (n = 16 666) |
Control Group (n = 113 562) |
||||
| Cause of Death | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | HR (95% CI) |
| Diseases of the circulatory systema | 142 | 28.7 | 360 | 10.5 | 3.05 (2.56, 3.64) |
| Neoplasms | 98 | 19.8 | 508 | 14.9 | 1.44 (1.18, 1.76) |
| Diseases of the respiratory systemb | 123 | 24.8 | 135 | 3.9 | 6.68 (5.38, 8.29) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 46 | 9.3 | 87 | 2.5 | 4.02 (2.92, 5.54) |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 23 | 4.6 | 15 | 0.4 | 10.89 (6.09, 9.47) |
| Mental and behavioral disorders | 35 | 7.1 | 31 | 0.9 | 7.99 (5.19, 12.31) |
| Diseases of the nervous systemc | 76 | 15.3 | 39 | 1.1 | 13.79 (9.70, 19.62) |
| External causesd | 27 | 5.5 | 101 | 3.0 | 1.85 (1.26, 2.71) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 13 | 2.6 | 16 | 0.5 | 5.38 (2.79, 10.07) |
| Infectious and parasitic disorders | 3 | 0.6 | 14 | 0.4 | 2.30 (0.70, 7.48) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 6 | 1.2 | 8 | 0.2 | 5.50 (2.22, 13.61) |
| Congenital/chromosomal abnormalities | 45 | 9.1 | 2 | 0.1 | . . .e |
| Other (skin/blood diseases, residual codes) | 10 | 2.0 | 13 | 0.4 | 5.03 (2.40, 10.54) |
| Not available | 9 | 1.8 | 29 | 0.8 | 2.27 (1.19, 4.43) |
| Total | 656 | 132.4 | 1358 | 39.7 | 3.62 (3.33, 3.93) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio. Rates are per 10 000 people per year. Unadjusted hazard ratios are shown for common broad causes of mortality among adults with intellectual disability with the exception of congenital/chromosomal abnormalities, for which a hazard ratio would not be informative.
Source. We summarized main causes of death using chapter headings from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.14
Notable subgroups: cerebrovascular disease (intellectual disability group, n = 34, rate = 6.9; control group, n = 57, rate = 1.7) and ischemic heart diseases (intellectual disability group, n = 62, rate = 12.5; control group, n = 188, rate = 5.5).
Notable subgroups: pneumonia (intellectual disability group, n = 67, rate = 13.5; control group, n = 39, rate = 1.1) and aspiration pneumonitis (intellectual disability group, n = 21, rate = 4.2; control group, n = 6, rate = 0.2).
Notable subgroup: epilepsy (intellectual disability group, n = 29, rate = 5.9; control group, n = 3, rate = 0.1).
Notable subgroups: accidental poisoning (intellectual disability group, n = 3, rate = 0.6; control group, n = 13, rate = 0.4), intentional or undetermined (intellectual disability group, n = 4, rate = 0.8; control group, n = 49, rate = 1.4), traffic accident (intellectual disability group, n = 1, rate = 0.2; control group, n = 20, rate = 0.6), and other accident (intellectual disability group, n = 17, rate = 3.4; control group, n = 15, rate = 0.4).
Hazard ratio could not reliably be estimated.