Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Students (n = 185) | Caregivers (n = 185) | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 90 (48.6) | |||||
| Female | 95 (51.4) | |||||
| Grade | ||||||
| First | 61 (33.0) | |||||
| Second | 58 (31.4) | |||||
| Third | 66 (35.7) | |||||
| Caregiver | ||||||
| Mother | 154 (83.2) | |||||
| Father | 25 (13.5) | |||||
| Other | 6 (3.2) | |||||
| Median (quartile) | 95 % CI | Median (quartile) | 95 % CI | Z | P | |
| Age, years | 14 (13, 14) | 13.45-13.73 | 43 (40, 46) | 42.09-43.61 | ||
| GHQ score, | ||||||
| General illness | 4 (3, 5) | 3.70-4.33 | 5 (3, 7) | 4.91-5.74 | 4.82 | <0.01 |
| Somatic symptoms | 4 (1, 6) | 3.56-4.44 | 4 (1.5, 6.5) | 3.74-4.64 | 0.63 | 0.53 |
| Sleep disturbance | 2 (1, 5) | 2.97-3.86 | 4 (2, 8) | 4.43-5.47 | 4.53 | <0.01 |
| Social dysfunction | 5 (4, 6) | 4.47-5.01 | 5 (4, 5) | 4.72-5.24 | 1.15 | 0.25 |
| Anxiety and dysphoria | 3 (1, 6) | 3.45-4.45 | 4 (2, 6) | 3.79-4.76 | 1.09 | 0.28 |
| Suicidal depression | 0 (0, 4) | 1.81-2.80 | 0 (0, 4) | 1.52-2.34 | 1.18 | 0.24 |
| POMS score | ||||||
| Total mood disturbance | 17 (7, 29) | 18.04-23.19 | 16 (8, 30) | 17.76-22.64 | 0.19 | 0.85 |
| Tension–anxiety | 2 (1, 6) | 3.51-4.70 | 4 (1, 6.5) | 3.79-4.87 | 0.93 | 0.35 |
| Depression–dejection | 2 (0, 6) | 3.06-4.17 | 2 (0, 4) | 2.42-3.40 | 1.94 | 0.05 |
| Anger–hostility | 3 (1, 6) | 3.64-4.84 | 4 (2, 6) | 4.23-5.36 | 1.96 | 0.05 |
| Vigor | 5 (2, 7) | 4.49-5.59 | 4 (2, 7) | 3.96-4.87 | 1.0 | 0.32 |
| Fatigue–inertia | 6 (3, 10) | 6.44-7.94 | 6 (3, 9.5) | 5.97-7.38 | 0.85 | 0.40 |
| Confusion–bewilderment | 6 (4, 9) | 6.01-7.00 | 5 (4, 8) | 5.48-6.33 | 1.7 | 0.09 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistics. Significant data are shown in bold
CI confidence interval, GHQ the 30-item version of the general health questionnaire, POMS the profile of mood states brief form