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. 2016 Feb 18;7(13):16172–16179. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7473

Figure 1. Molecular heterogeneity among tumor cells of the same patient.

Figure 1

DNA and RNA were extracted from primary tumor (PT), tumor extension (TE), and lymphatic metastases (LM) of a stage-4 CCRCC patient. The genetic alternations detected by both DNA exome-seq and RNA-seq at each tissue were compared. Unique genetic alternations were detected in PT, TE and LM of the same patient and suggest cellular (number of tumor cells) heterogeneity and molecular heterogeneity (mutation profiles) of CCRCC at different locations of a same patient. The 29,821 variants that are unique in the LM were further analyzed for metastatic specific mutations.