Figure 5. ER maleate arrested cell in G2 phase and induced polyploid population.

A. FACS analysis of SCC4 cells. ER maleate treatment decreased the diploid fraction from 95.42% to 70.82%, whereas it increased polyploid population from 4.58% to 29.18% in a dose dependent manner (0 – 2 μM, Supplementary Table S1). For the diploid cells, cell population in G₂ phase was increased from 15.37% to 43.44% and in G₁ phase decreased from 46.11% to 16.56% in a dose dependent manner (0 – 2 μM) with ER maleate treatment of SCC4 cells for 48 h through Modfit analysis. For the polyploid cell population, most cells (99.68%) accumulate in S phase on treatment with ER maleate at 2μM. B. FACS analysis of Cal33 cells. ER maleate decreased the diploid population from 100% to 43.86% but increased the polyploid population from 0 to 56.14% in Cal33 cells with ER maleate treatment (0-2 μM) for 48 h (Supplementary Table S2).