Table 1. Characteristics of population by H. pylori infectionand CagA seropositivityat baseline.
| Characteristics | Total | Non-infected | H. pylori infected | P value † | P value ‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgG−/CagA− | IgG+/any CagA | IgG+/CagA− | IgG+/CagA+ | ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Observations (n) | 9,506 | 4,767 | 4,739 | 2,128 | 2,611 | ||
| Prevalence | — | 49.9% | 22.4% | 27.5% | |||
| Age (years) | < 0.001 | 0.562 | |||||
| 50–54 | 1,627 | 925 (19.4) | 702 (14.8) | 322 (15.1) | 380 (14.6) | ||
| 55–59 | 1,616 | 922 (19.3) | 694 (14.6) | 321 (15.1) | 373 (14.3) | ||
| 60–64 | 2,590 | 1,285 (27.0) | 1,305 (27.5) | 580 (27.3) | 725 (27.8) | ||
| 65–69 | 2,176 | 998 (20.9) | 1,178 (24.9) | 512 (24.1) | 666 (25.5) | ||
| 70–75 | 1,497 | 637 (13.4) | 860 (18.2) | 393 (18.5) | 467 (17.9) | ||
| Sex | 0.438 | 0.019 | |||||
| Female | 5,215 | 2,634 (55.3) | 2,581 (54.5) | 1,119 (52.6) | 1,462 (56.0) | ||
| Male | 4,291 | 2,133 (44.7) | 2,158 (45.5) | 1,009 (47.4) | 1,149 (44.0) | ||
| Education (years) | < 0.001 | 0.703 | |||||
| ≤ 9 | 6,933 | 3,339 (71.5) | 3,594 (78.2) | 1,620 (78.4) | 1,974 (78.1) | ||
| 10–11 | 1,302 | 738 (15.8) | 564 (12.3) | 259 (12.5) | 305 (12.1) | ||
| ≥ 12 | 1,030 | 594 (12.7) | 436 (9.5) | 187 (9.1) | 249 (9.9) | ||
| Smoking status | 0.030 | 0.002 | |||||
| Never | 4,623 | 2,277 (48.9) | 2,346 (51.2) | 1,004 (48.5) | 1,342 (53.3) | ||
| Former | 3,049 | 1,567 (33.6) | 1,482 (32.3) | 705 (34.1) | 777 (30.9) | ||
| Current | 1,571 | 814 (17.5) | 757 (16.5) | 359 (17.4) | 398 (15.8) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | 0.187 | |||||
| Abstainer | 2,792 | 1,315 (30.2) | 1,477 (34.9) | 644 (33.7) | 833 (35.8) | ||
| Women 0–19.99 g/d or Men 0–39.99 g/d |
5,200 | 2,697 (62.0) | 2,503 (59.1) | 1,150 (60.2) | 1,353 (58.2) | ||
| Women ≥ 20 g/d or Men ≥ 40 g/d |
591 | 338 (7.8) | 253 (6.0) | 115 (6.0) | 138 (5.9) | ||
Abbreviations: CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A; IgG, immunoglobulin G; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori.
†
P value, for comparison between non-infected (IgG–/CagA–) participants and all H. pylori infected (IgG+/any CagA) participants.
‡
P value, for comparison between participants with IgG+/CagA+ and IgG+/CagA− H. pylori infection.